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• W2135625176 abstract "ii ABSTRACT Biofouling on recreational yachts is an important vector for marine invasive alien species (MIAS) in many countries. There are various characteristics of a vessel that make it more susceptible to hull fouling. Yachts in three Western Cape marinas were surveyed to assess extent of fouling, hull maintenance patterns, travel history and yacht-owner awareness of MIAS issues. Of 548 yachts inspected from the waterline, 62% exhibited secondary fouling, as evaluated using an ordinal ranking scale. A subset of these yachts (n=60) was selected for further investigation. Yacht-owner questionnaires revealed that 50% of all yachts had had fouling control coating (FCC) re-applied in the last 12 months. In 54% of the cases, the owners painted the yachts themselves. The age of the FCC was correlated with the waterline inspection ranking scale. The majority (83%) of yacht-owners also cleaned their boats while in the water, in between FCC applications. The average fouling composition of a yacht displaying secondary fouling was ascidians (71% of fouling), crustaceans (16%), algae (6%) and other taxa (7%). Both introduced and cosmopolitan species were identified in the biota collected from local and foreign yachts. Yacht-owners seemed aware of bioinvasions, however few had considered them in a marine context, identifying terrestrial examples more readily. The majority thought that the introduction of MIAS could potentially have an economic impact on South Africa. These results have implications for biosecurity in the Western Cape. It is likely that the yachts surveyed are not using an appropriate FCC for their vessel profile (based on speed and sailing frequency). This shows that there is a definite need to increase awareness in the yachting fraternity. Mitigation of the bioinvasion risk via yacht hull fouling requires the support of biosecurity legislation. South Africa is party to several international conventions regarding invasives, but in order for these to be legally binding, there must be equivalent national legislation. The most promising existing law is the National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act 2004 (NEMBA), although this is weak on marine legislation. NEMBA is currently in the process of being revised, and will in future require strict enforcement. Several other nations have established biosecurity teams with the sole mandate of bioinvasion management. For example, Australia has developed a border control protocol for yachts plying internationally, which assesses the extent of hull fouling visible from the waterline, checks vessel documentation and, if necessary, quarantines the yacht. The incorporation of management tools, such as Risk Assessment, into such protocols is essential. The majority of yacht-owners surveyed in the Western Cape accepted the need for management actions to address the issue of MIAS." @default.
• W2135625176 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2135625176 creator A5004516403 @default.
• W2135625176 creator A5031053490 @default.
• W2135625176 creator A5066627686 @default.
• W2135625176 date "2011-01-01" @default.
• W2135625176 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2135625176 title "FOULED YACHTS: A VECTOR FOR MARINE INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES TO SOUTH AFRICAN SHORES?" @default.
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