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• W2135654846 abstract "The adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) is greatly involved in inflammation pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis. By interacting with A2AR, the purine nucleoside adenosine acts as a potent endogenous inhibitor of the inflammatory process in a variety of tissues. Hyaluronan (HA) fragments act to prime inflammation via CD44 and the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the inhibition/stimulation of A2AR modulates the inflammation cascade primed by small HA fragments in mouse articular chondrocytes. 6-mer HA treatment induced up-regulation of CD44, TLR4 and A2AR mRNA expression and the related protein levels, and NF-kB activation, that in turn increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and production. Treatment with a selective 2A adenosine receptor agonist (2-phenylaminoadenosine) enhanced A2AR increase, as well as the inhibition of CD44 and TLR4 activity using two specific antibodies abolished up-regulation of CD44 and TLR4, and significantly reduced, especially by antibody inhibition, NF-kB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, the exposure of chondrocytes to A2AR specific interference mRNA (A2AR siRNA) enhanced HA 6-mer induced NF-kB activation and inflammatory cytokine increase. Finally, the use of an exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) siRNA and a specific PKA inhibitor showed a predominant EPAC involvement in the mediation of the anti-inflammatory activity exerted by A2AR stimulation. These data suggest that HA depolymerization occurring during inflammation contributes to priming of the inflammatory cascade, while endogenous adenosine, by exerting anti-inflammatory response via A2AR, could be a modulatory mechanism that attempts to attenuate the inflammation process." @default.
• W2135654846 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2135654846 date "2012-07-01" @default.
• W2135654846 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
• W2135654846 title "The stimulation of adenosine 2A receptor reduces inflammatory response in mouse articular chondrocytes treated with hyaluronan oligosaccharides" @default.
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• W2135654846 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2012.07.001" @default.
• W2135654846 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22796382" @default.
• W2135654846 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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