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- W2135755035 abstract "The size of the home range and the pattern of space use in primates can depend on a variety of ecological and behavioral factors. The analysis and description of such parameters are essential for the understanding of the basic ecology of several populations, being therefore of fundamental importance for the assessment of their status for conservation. The few studies on the ecology and behavior of Alouatta caraya in Brazil have been restricted to animals living in confined forest fragments. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to analyze and compare the seasonality of the home range and the differential use of space of two groups, one in an island and the other in the continental margin of the Rio Parana. More specifically, the methods used to calculate the home range and the space use are compared. This study was carried out in the high portion of the Rio Parana, between October of 2004 and September of 2005, with one group (GM) in the riparian forest of the Mutum Island (1050 ha) and another (GP) in the continuous riparian forest of the left margin of the river, in the State of Parana. Each month the study groups were monitored during two complete days and several smaller time periods. For the study of the day ranges, the groups were followed using nylon threads and their routes were drawn onto maps. The home range was determined by two methods: 1) the grid cell method using a compass and a tape measure (ME/BT) and GPS (ME/GPS), and 2) the method of the minimum convex polygon (MPC 100% and 95%). In both methods, points were established every 30 min. Those points were used to infer the horizontal space use by the frequency of utilization of each quadrat. The vertical use of space was assessed using the “Scan Sampling” method, with intervals every 15 min. The GM group showed the smallest day ranges, which averaged 564 + 245m, whereas the GP group showed an average of 842 + 368m. Both groups had smaller paths during the fall and winter. The dimensions of the group home ranges varied according to the utilized method and to seasonality. GM showed the smallest home ranges, varying between 2.4 and 5.0 ha, whereas GP varied between 14.75 and 18.75 ha depending on the methods that were used. Both groups showed overlap with the home range of neighboring groups. The use of space was also differentiated according to the seasons. In both groups, it was possible to determine a core area, which was located at the center of the home range. The most commonly used substrate was the branch (84% for both groups), followed by twigs, lianas and the trunk. With respect to the forest stratum, the most commonly used category was the canopy (88% for GM and 92% for GP). The animals used the different height classes differentially, with the average height being 13.7 + 3.3m for GM and 17.6 + 4.4m for GP. The variation in the day ranges observed can be explained in terms of the availability and spacing of preferred food items. The total home ranges observed are among the highest recorded for this species. The difference in home ranges between the groups were associated with environmental differences and to the local densities (2 ind./ha in the island and 0.64 ind./ha in the left margin). These densities might reflect the presence or absence of possible competing species in each area, the dispersal difficulty imposed by the river limits and the difference in resource productivity in each area. Of the methods used, ME/BT seemed the most appropriate. However, ME/GPS was also efficient given that the forest structure allowed its use. The MPC method was not reliable because it included areas that were not used by the animals. The present study shows important inferences with respect to the environmental differences in the spatial behavior of A. caraya. Also, it discusses the effectiveness of different methods to that end. Therefore, provides important reflections regarding their application to conservation studies of this species in different environments along the high Parana River." @default.
- W2135755035 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2135755035 date "2006-01-01" @default.
- W2135755035 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2135755035 title "Área de vida e uso do espaço por Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) em ilha e continente do Alto Rio Paraná /" @default.
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