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• W21357773 abstract "The cymanfa ganu was developed in denominational chapels in the 1860s to teach and improve the standards of congregational hymn singing.1 In his investigation of the choral tradition in Wales, W. R. Allen confirms this by defining the cymanfa ganu as a gathering of song for the betterment of church praise.2 In due course, the event became popular for its energetic and emotional hymn not only in chapels and churches in Wales but also in Welsh-American communities. However, in contrast to the practice in Wales, most Welsh-American cymanfaoedd canu3 were oriented to local communities rather than based denominationally (mainly because the denominations were too widely dispersed to produce such an adequate endeavor).4 In the United States today, cymanfaoedd canu are generally organized by St. David Societies and other Welsh-affiliated organizations such as historical societies, churches, and the National Gymanfa Ganu Association (NGGA). In addition, most cymanfaoedd canu in the United States today are carried in both and English: generally, the conductor will announce beforehand which verses of the hymn will be sung in and in English.Early Examples of Welsh-American Congregational SingingDocumentation of congregational and of authentic cymanfaoedd canu in the United States is rare because such musical and chapel-based activities were not generally recorded.5 The fact is lamented in an 1898 diary entry made by Richard Hughes of Fairhaven, Vermont: is a pity that are not records of their efforts [in church singing] and their zeal to be had; it is necessary for us to be satisfied with the stories of our fathers.6 One such narrative however, can be read in the description of early nineteenth-century congregational at Providence Congregational Church of Scranton, Pennsylvania:All professed religion and took an active part in the public services; but not one of them was an expert singer. They knew the parts of the old hymns, the rest they would improvise. The parts they knew, they would sing with all the force they could command. Placing a foot on the log they used as a seat and putting one hand over an ear, they would shut their eyes and sing with all their might. When they got the hwyl, they would repeat the song over and over. It was a true specimen of what in Wales, was known as the cann siglo [shaking song]. A few years later, a singer of some note became the school teacher and was appointed leader of the Church singing. On his first Sunday, he started a familiar hymn. As each farmer recognized the tune, up went his foot, his ear was covered, and his eyes closed, as if by magic, and each sang as loud as he could. The leader stopped and tried to stop them also. He motioned, stamped the dirt floor, shouted to no avail; when each finished his song, he stopped. He then told them that was not and later succeeded in improving the older ones, while the children became good singers.7The Rev. Erasmus Iones observed in 1876 that at the popular Cwrdd Mawr (large meetings) singing is congregational and lohn Wesley's advice to sing lustily is carried out and that the Welsh in America, in proportion to their size and circumstances, possessed all the musical zeal and vigour of their countrymen at home.8 Iones further declared:There are some celebrated old tunes which have been united in holy wedlock to as many hymns for a hundred years, and when these hymns are given out, it is well understood what tunes will follow I have witnessed scenes that were spiritually grand during the of these veteran compositions . . . The last three lines would be sung over and over again, while some of the more demonstrative would give way to the intensity of their religious feelings, and turn their into shouting.9Howard Thomas's investigation of the in Remsen, New York, reveals that after the Civil War, there was much with the Welsh, with most hymns in the minor and of haunting beauty. …" @default.
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• W21357773 date "2013-04-01" @default.
• W21357773 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W21357773 title "Welsh-American Congregational Singing and the Cymanfa Ganu (Hymn-Singing Festival) in the United States" @default.
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