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• W2138286109 abstract "Shoulder pain in elite swimmers is common, and its pathogenesis is uncertain. HYPOTHESIS/STUDY DESIGN: The authors used a cross-sectional study design to test Jobe's hypothesis that repetitive forceful swimming leads to shoulder laxity, which in turn leads to impingement pain.Eighty young elite swimmers (13-25 years of age) completed questionnaires on their swimming training, pain and shoulder function. They were given a standardised clinical shoulder examination, and tested for glenohumeral joint laxity using a non-invasive electronic laxometer. 52/80 swimmers also attended for shoulder MRI.73/80 (91%) swimmers reported shoulder pain. Most (84%) had a positive impingement sign, and 69% of those examined with MRI had supraspinatus tendinopathy. The impingement sign and MRI-determined supraspinatus tendinopathy correlated strongly (r(s)=0.49, p<0.00001). Increased tendon thickness correlated with supraspinatus tendinopathy (r(s)=0.37, p<0.01). Laxity correlated weakly with impingement pain (r(s)=0.23, p<0.05) and was not associated with supraspinatus tendinopathy (r(s)=0.14, p=0.32). The number of hours swum/week (r(s)=0.39, p<0.005) and weekly mileage (r(s)=0.34, p=0.01) both correlated significantly with supraspinatus tendinopathy. Swimming stroke preference did not.These data indicate: (1) supraspinatus tendinopathy is the major cause of shoulder pain in elite swimmers; (2) this tendinopathy is induced by large amounts of swimming training; and (3) shoulder laxity per se has only a minimal association with shoulder impingement in elite swimmers. These findings are consistent with animal and tissue culture findings which support an alternate hypothesis: the intensity and duration of load to tendon fibres and cells cause tendinopathy, impingement and shoulder pain." @default.
• W2138286109 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2138286109 date "2008-05-07" @default.
• W2138286109 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W2138286109 title "Shoulder pain in elite swimmers: primarily due to swim-volume-induced supraspinatus tendinopathy" @default.
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• W2138286109 doi "https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.047282" @default.
• W2138286109 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18463295" @default.
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