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• W2138417457 abstract "Abstract This paper examines the pre-and post January 25th political dynamics in Egypt, how these have affected the role of women in the private, public and political spheres. It analyzes the dynamics of the development of Egyptian women's organizations, and the extent to which these may develop into an Egyptian feminist movement. An overview of historical, political, and social contexts of the role of Egyptian women's organizations will provide an understanding of their main accomplishments from Nasser to Mubarak. The study shows how the early women's organizations were directly linked with the ruling authorities and how these have added to the authoritarian structure of the regime. The paper moves to analyze how women's organizations have later evolved into more independent organizations, how they have influenced independent women activists, who have positioned themselves against the authoritarian power structure of the Egyptian political system. The paper finally assesses the extent to which women's rights are going to be protected or rolled back under the rule of the military and later the Islamists in the post-Mubarak era. Keywords: January 25th Uprising; Women's Organizations; Egypt; Authoritarianism Introduction The Egyptian January 25th, 2011 uprising was fundamental in bringing the role of women's organizations and individual women to the forefront of Egyptian politics. During the 18-day uprising, Egyptian women demonstrated side by side with Egyptian men. The struggle against the dictatorship and the common goal of ousting Mubarak was far greater than gender politics. Nevertheless, two weeks after the ousting of the president, precisely on the International Women's Day, women demonstrators were harassed by military police who subjected many activists to so-called tests. Indirectly, they were accused of being prostitutes. Samira Ibrahim, one of the women activists who underwent the virginity test, filed a law suit against military police, and TIME magazine placed her on the 100 most influential people in 2012. Women in Tahrir Square are the symbol of women's empowerment: their demonstrations express their longing to end gender discrimination and promote gender equality, but the regimes' response to their activism is a clear message that they still have a long way to head. This paper attempts to understand the dynamics of the Egyptian feminist movement from the mid-20th century until today. It will look at how the dynamics of Egyptian politics affected the movement in past decades, and how these changed from being mainly dependent on the regime to attain certain rights to standing up in the face of authoritarianism. Lastly, this study will address how the post-January 25th political dynamics will further affect the role of women in the private, public, and political spheres. An overview of historical, political, and social contexts of the role of Egyptian women's organizations will provide an understanding of their main accomplishments from Nasser to Mubarak. The paper will address the extent to which women's rights are going to be protected or rolled back under the rule of the military and later the Islamists in the post-Mubarak era. The Role of Women's Organizations: How They Evolved and What They Have Gained so Far The first women's organizations developed with the formation of the Egyptian Feminist Union (EFU) under Huda Sha'arawi, the pioneer of feminist movements in 1923. Its purpose was to raise women's awareness to the point of making political and social equality with men a reality. The importance of this organization was its close association with the 1919 revolution, where women were present in the streets alongside their male counterparts to contest British colonial power. This organization was composed of middle and upper class educated women, who considered women's rights an intrinsic part of the modernization process in Egypt. …" @default.
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• W2138417457 date "2012-10-01" @default.
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• W2138417457 title "One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? Egyptian Women within the Confines of Authoritarianism" @default.
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