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- W2140010518 abstract "HomeStrokeVol. 43, No. 11Preventive Antibiotics in Acute Stroke Free AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBPreventive Antibiotics in Acute StrokeSummary of a Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Willeke F. Westendorp, MD, Jan-Dirk Vermeij, MD, Frederique Vermeij, MD, Heleen M. Den Hertog, MD, Diederik W. J. Dippel, MD, PhD, Diederik van de Beek, MD, PhD and Paul J. Nederkoorn, MD, PhD Willeke F. WestendorpWilleke F. Westendorp From the Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.F.W., J.-D.V., P.J.N.); Department of Neurology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (F.V.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.M.D.H., D.W.J.D.); Department of Neurology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (D.v.d.B.). Search for more papers by this author , Jan-Dirk VermeijJan-Dirk Vermeij From the Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.F.W., J.-D.V., P.J.N.); Department of Neurology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (F.V.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.M.D.H., D.W.J.D.); Department of Neurology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (D.v.d.B.). Search for more papers by this author , Frederique VermeijFrederique Vermeij From the Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.F.W., J.-D.V., P.J.N.); Department of Neurology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (F.V.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.M.D.H., D.W.J.D.); Department of Neurology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (D.v.d.B.). Search for more papers by this author , Heleen M. Den HertogHeleen M. Den Hertog From the Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.F.W., J.-D.V., P.J.N.); Department of Neurology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (F.V.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.M.D.H., D.W.J.D.); Department of Neurology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (D.v.d.B.). Search for more papers by this author , Diederik W. J. DippelDiederik W. J. Dippel From the Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.F.W., J.-D.V., P.J.N.); Department of Neurology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (F.V.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.M.D.H., D.W.J.D.); Department of Neurology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (D.v.d.B.). Search for more papers by this author , Diederik van de BeekDiederik van de Beek From the Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.F.W., J.-D.V., P.J.N.); Department of Neurology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (F.V.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.M.D.H., D.W.J.D.); Department of Neurology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (D.v.d.B.). Search for more papers by this author and Paul J. NederkoornPaul J. Nederkoorn From the Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.F.W., J.-D.V., P.J.N.); Department of Neurology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (F.V.); Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (H.M.D.H., D.W.J.D.); Department of Neurology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (D.v.d.B.). Search for more papers by this author Originally published13 Sep 2012https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.671420Stroke. 2012;43:e113–e114Other version(s) of this articleYou are viewing the most recent version of this article. Previous versions: January 1, 2012: Previous Version 1 IntroductionStroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the major complications in the acute phase of stroke is infection; especially pneumonia and urinary tract infection occur often. Poststroke infections are strongly associated with poor outcome. Preventive antibiotic therapy in the acute phase of stroke may reduce infections and improve functional outcome.MethodsStudy ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess whether preventive antibiotic therapy in patients with acute stroke reduces infection rate, the risk of dependency, and the risk of death at follow-up.1Selection CriteriaRandomized controlled trials of preventive antibiotic therapy vs control (placebo or open control) in patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were used.Data Collection and AnalysisTwo authors independently selected articles and performed data extraction; methodologic quality was assessed by an independent observer. We calculated relative risks for dichotomous outcomes, assessed heterogeneity among included studies, performed subgroup analyses on study quality, and calculated a weighted overall effect estimate based on the risk ratio.ResultsA total of 5 studies involving 506 patients were included. Studies showed heterogeneity in study design, type of antibiotic, duration of treatment, and definition of infection. Also, functional outcome was not evaluated in all included studies. Preventive antibiotic therapy reduced infection rate from 36% to 22% overall (relative risk, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.79; Figure), whereas effects on mortality and functional outcome were not significant: 13% died in the preventive antibiotic group vs 15% in the control group (relative risk, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–1.51) and 47% of patients in the preventive antibiotic group were dependent vs 61% in the control group (relative risk, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–1.43). No major side effects of preventive antibiotic therapy were reported.Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure. Effect of preventive antibiotics. The number of infections at the end of follow-up (weighted random effects estimate of the risk ratio).DiscussionThis meta-analysis does not allow a robust conclusion on the use of preventive antibiotic therapy in acute stroke. This is attributable to different factors. First, the total number of studies and participants is limited: 5 studies were included with a total number of 506 participants. Second, several biases may have influenced the results of the included studies, and only 1 study was scored overall as having low risk of bias.Implications for PracticeCurrently, the use of preventive antibiotic therapy is not included in standard care for patients with acute stroke. Results of this meta-analysis do not provide evidence that current practice has to be changed but do warrant further research.Implications for ResearchThe observed effect in this meta-analysis warrants evaluation of preventive antibiotics in new stroke trials with functional outcome measurements. Currently, 2 large, phase III, randomized, controlled trials are underway in the United Kingdom and in the Netherlands. In the Stroke-INF study, the effect of preventive treatment with amoxicillin on infection rate in stroke patients with dysphagia is being investigated (ISRCTN 37118456). In the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS; ISRCTN 66140176), the effect of ceftriaxone on functional outcome is being investigated and 3200 stroke patients are included; it is expected to be completed in 2014.ConclusionsIn this Cochrane meta-analysis, preventive antibiotic therapy seemed to reduce the risk of infection but did not reduce the number of dependent or deceased patients; however, included studies were small and heterogeneous. A valid estimate of the effect of preventive antibiotics on functional outcome is not possible yet. Results of 2 large, phase III, randomized, controlled trials will be available soon.Sources of FundingFunded by Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW; 171002302) and Netherlands Heart Foundation (NHS; 2009B095).DisclosuresDr van de Beek and Dr Nederkoorn are the principal investigators of the Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study (PASS), ISRCTN 66140176, www.passamc.nl. All authors of this review and meta-analysis are members of the study group of this trial.FootnotesThis paper is based on a Cochrane Review published in The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 1 (see www.thecochranelibrary.com for information). Cochrane Reviews are regularly updated as new evidence emerges and in response to feedback, and The Cochrane Library should be consulted for the most recent version of the review.Correspondence to Paul J. Nederkoorn, Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands. E-mail [email protected]References1. Westendorp WF, Vermeij JD, Vermeij FH, Den Hertog HM, Dippel DW, van de Beek D, et al. Antibiotic therapy for preventing infections in patients with acute stroke.Cochrane Database System Rev. 2012; 1:CDCD008530.Google Scholar Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By (2014) Effect of intermittent pneumatic compression on disability, living circumstances, quality of life, and hospital costs after stroke: secondary analyses from CLOTS 3, a randomised trial, The Lancet Neurology, 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70258-3, 13:12, (1186-1192), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2014. Dennis M, Sandercock P, Graham C and Forbes J (2015) The Clots in Legs Or sTockings after Stroke (CLOTS) 3 trial: a randomised controlled trial to determine whether or not intermittent pneumatic compression reduces the risk of post-stroke deep vein thrombosis and to estimate its cost-effectiveness, Health Technology Assessment, 10.3310/hta19760, 19:76, (1-90) November 2012Vol 43, Issue 11 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2012 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.671420 Manuscript receivedJuly 17, 2012Manuscript acceptedJuly 25, 2012Originally publishedSeptember 13, 2012 KeywordsAntibioticsfunctional recoverystroke careinfectious diseasepreventionPDF download Advertisement SubjectsIntracranial HemorrhageIschemic StrokeTreatment" @default.
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