FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W214045714> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W214045714 abstract "In this thesis the neurocognitive deficits in adult ADHD and the effects of ADHD medication have been investigated in animals and in humans. Firstly, by utilising a translational behavioural paradigm we have characterised of a novel animal model of the core symptoms of adult ADHD. In the first study, the 5-choice continuous performance task (5C-CPT) was used to examine different forms of attention and impulsivity in female Lister-hooded adult rats. Subsequently rats were separated into subgroups according to their baseline levels of attention and impulsivity in the 5C-CPT. The low-attentive; LA subgroup and the high-attentive; HA subgroup were selected based on levels of sustained attention and vigilance. The second subgroups include animals with varying levels of motor impulsivity and response inhibition (high-impulsive; HI and low-impulsive; LI subgroups). This allowed for examination of the effects of ADHD medication (methylphenidate and atomoxetine) on attention and impulsivity in the subgroups of animals modeling the inattentive subtype (ADHD-I), and the impulsive symptoms in the combined (ADHD-C) and impulsive-hyperactive (ADHD-IH) subtypes. Both drugs significantly improved sustained attention and vigilance in LA animals only. In HI animals methylphenidate decreased motor impulsivity, however in LI also increased motor impulsivity. Atomoxetine decreased motor impulsivity and response disinhibition in HI animals only. The second animal study extended this by selecting a group of animals with combined deficits in both attention and impulsivity (ADHD-C group). This separation (ADHD-C) allowed for the investigation of potential novel therapeutic targets, revealing the cognitive effects of tolcapone and A-412997. Tolcapone increased vigilance and sustained attention and reduced response disinhibition in ADHD-C animals only, while A-412997 increased vigilance and reduced response disinhibition also in ADHD-C animals only. The first clinical study evaluated the core neurocognitive deficits, including emotion recognition abilities in medicated and unmedicated adult ADHD patients, compared with a group of healthy controls. The back-translational cognitive tasks used for the evaluation were taken from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB). Unmedicated adults with ADHD showed core deficits in sustained attention, attentional set-shifting, response inhibition and spatial working memory. Medicated patients showed no impairments compared with controls; highlighting the importance of ADHD medication for improving these cognitive deficits in ADHD. In the second study, the emotion recognition ability of each group was assessed and compared to each other. The second study also examined if the emotion recognition impairments were as a result of a general cognitive dysfunction or are a specific impairment in social perception. The unmedicated ADHD patients showed deficits in the correct recognition of the negative emotions including; fear, anger, sadness and disgust compared with controls. The group of patients followed-up after starting treatment with methylphenidate showed significant improvements in the recognition of all four negative emotions. This improvement was improved to a level comparable to healthy controls. Interestingly, in the unmedicated ADHD group, anger recognition proved to be a specific deficit in social perception whereas sadness, disgust and fear were influenced by deficits in attention and working memory. Following treatment with methylphenidate, improvements in attention accounted for the improvements in sadness, fear and disgust recognition but not anger recognition.In conclusion the animal studies have shown that animals from within a normal population could be selected according to variations in levels of attention and impulsivity. The ADHD drugs had different effects on attention and impulsivity depending on the natural baseline levels of behaviour of the adult rats. These findings highlight the need for a patient stratification approach in adult ADHD; as different responses are dependent of differences in symptom expression. They also show some potential new therapeutic targets in the animal model, which warrant further exploration. The clinical studies highlight the range of neurocognitive deficits, including emotion recognition deficits in adult ADHD. Together these results highlight the importance of pharmacotherapy in ADHD, not only to treat the core symptoms of ADHD (inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity) but also to improve the disabling emotion recognition deficits of this disorder." @default.
• W214045714 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W214045714 creator A5031328745 @default.
• W214045714 date "2014-11-07" @default.
• W214045714 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W214045714 title "Neurocognitive deficits in adult ADHD : preclinical and clinical studies" @default.
• W214045714 cites W111027616 @default.
• W214045714 cites W134249405 @default.
• W214045714 cites W14602739 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1482545034 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1489207425 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1498104517 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1502263702 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1520998639 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1545592082 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1546703732 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1560992990 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1676335820 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1700975881 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1722764981 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1900810162 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1963643414 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1963702176 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1964180825 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1964309132 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1964377208 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1964591725 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1964751306 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1965235192 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1965338816 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1967189407 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1968416856 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1969227269 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1970031540 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1970453898 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1970796985 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1971609411 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1972116107 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1972261780 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1973678939 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1975682352 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1976036133 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1976290418 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1976456194 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1977634040 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1977761077 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1977936838 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1978165003 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1978427046 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1978525999 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1978576279 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1980324473 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1980400438 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1980432894 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1980571128 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1981797096 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1981830992 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1981923025 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1982063639 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1982825996 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1983332126 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1984051795 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1984367362 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1985127286 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1985378624 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1985528539 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1985980415 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1988378704 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1988470872 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1991348485 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1991445431 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1991694629 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1992297350 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1992488100 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1992549174 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1993093040 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1994351651 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1994391757 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1994561821 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1994593489 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1994806628 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1995450778 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1995573860 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1995785377 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1995992264 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1996326725 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1996474046 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1996670380 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1997981873 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1998066562 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1998128151 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1998210477 @default.
• W214045714 cites W1998861585 @default.
• W214045714 cites W2000085099 @default.
• W214045714 cites W2000998192 @default.
• W214045714 cites W2001183909 @default.
• W214045714 cites W2001564330 @default.
• W214045714 cites W2002430747 @default.
• W214045714 cites W2003155604 @default.
• W214045714 cites W2005105013 @default.

• next