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• W214048404 abstract "Do the United States and Mexico need a new treaty to help them better manage the Rio Grande? Nobody needs to tell residents of southern Texas and northern Mexico that the last five years have been dry. They already know it's worse than even the so-called drought of record nearly half a century ago. The 1950s were just as dry, but back then there were only a third as many people in the region as there are today. [1] The economies of Texas and Mexico have become more integrated, and on both sides of the border urban infrastructure--especially for drinking water and sewage treatment--has often failed to keep up with industrial development and population growth. Texas's most-populous border counties have been among the state's fastest-growing areas. Mexico's three most-populous northern states are growing faster than the Mexican national rate. [2] Juarez, across from El Paso, and Nuevo Laredo, across from Laredo, today are two of Mexico's most important employment centers. The additional municipal and industrial demand for water have come on top of the historical demand for irrigation near El Paso and Juarez, forcing farmers on both sides of the border to compete for water with economically stronger rivals. Much has changed since the last drought. Two things that have not, however, are the treaties that govern how much water each country gets. Behind today's crisis of supply and demand lies a crisis of planning. On both sides of the river--known in the United States as the Rio Grande and in Mexico as the Rio Bravo--water planning has traditionally been conducted with one hand tied behind the back. Neither side knew what was happening on the other--either in terms of water supplies or projected demand. The political battle in the United States over the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1992, however, helped draw back the information curtain separating water planners in Texas and northern Mexico. New institutions were created to address natural resource and environmental issues along the border. In addition, state and national agencies concerned with water resources--aided by improved technology such as remote sensing and geographic information systems--have increased informational exchanges with their counterparts across the river. Economic integration, technological advance, and a spirit of cooperation notwithstanding, the two governing international agreements--one of them almost a century old--constrain what can be done to address the current water crisis and avoid future ones. Experts have proposed alternative treaty models designed to help, rather than hinder, binational water planning. [3] Those ideas went nowhere when they were first mooted, but now that the recent drought has shown the day of hydrological reckoning to be clearer and nearer, perhaps its time for the United States and Mexico to consider negotiating a new water treaty better suited to addressing the problem as it exists today. One River, Two Treaties The stretch of the Rio Grande that separates the United States and Mexico comprises two segments that differ both legally and hydrologically. The sister cities of El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, constitute the economic hub of the upper segment. In this area, a 1906 agreement governs how much of the river the United States must deliver to Mexico each month; Texas gets the rest. Immediately below El Paso/Juarez, the stream flow virtually disappears during all but the wet-test years. Eventually, upstream from Amistad International Reservoir, the Rio Grande is created anew by such rivers as the Rio Conchos from Mexico and the Pecos River from the United States. From Amistad International Dam and Reservoir to the Gulf of Mexico, the river is controlled, its channel essentially a conveyance for water stored in Amistad and Falcon International Reservoirs. Ownership of the water in this segment of the river is determined by a detailed water-accounting regime established by treaty in 1944. …" @default.
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• W214048404 date "2001-03-22" @default.
• W214048404 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W214048404 title "The Good, the Bad, and the Arid" @default.
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