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- W2140572777 abstract "We prospectively compared the bubble test with agitated saline for right-to-left shunt using transcranial Doppler (TCD) of the right middle cerebral artery and second harmonic imaging duplex of the right common carotid artery (CCA) in 100 consecutive patients. Microembolic signals (MES) were counted offline. MES were classified into 6 classes: absent (class 0), 1-10 MES (class 1), 11-20 MES (class 2), 21-30 MES (class 3), 31-50 MES (class 4) and >50 MES or curtain effect (class 5). For TCD, classes 2-5 combined (i.e., large shunts), the sensitivity of duplex with the Valsalva maneuver was 95.3%, the specificity was 100%, the positive predictive 100%, the negative predictive value 96.6% and accuracy 98.0%. Second harmonic imaging duplex of the CCA may substitute TCD for the bubble test when an adequate cranial bone window is not available. This technique may also greatly increase the number of facilities where the bubble test can be carried out. However, tests with few or no MES need to be confirmed by TCD or transesophageal echocardiography." @default.
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- W2140572777 date "2010-04-01" @default.
- W2140572777 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2140572777 title "Common Carotid Artery Duplex for the Bubble Test to Detect Right-to-Left Shunt" @default.
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- W2140572777 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.01.009" @default.
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