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• W214084961 abstract "Ten years have passed since exposure of Thailand's rampant sex industry. The international community has progressed since early 1990s, when topic was of such high profile that research visas were not being released to persons studying child prostitution. Following a cover feature on Thai sex industry in a 1993 issue of Time magazine, Thai Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai announced tough new anti-prostitution laws, but in effect, new laws silenced cries of enslaved children. While no longer hears their voices, industry thrives more than ever. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The Extent of Epidemic Although all statistics related to issue are much debated because of its underground nature, International Labor Organization (ILO) claims that in 2003 child sex industry in Thailand contributed between 14 and 16 percent of national gross domestic product. The UN Office on Drugs and High Crime cites Europol's estimate that industry is worth several billion US dollars a year. In 2001, Heather Montgomery, a lecturer in Childhood Studies at Open University and a well-known anthropologist, conducted an in-depth study of a small Thai slum. She found that every household had at least one child working as a prostitute. Their ages ranged from four to 15 years old. Montgomery spoke to many children who did not even have vocabulary to describe their work and who had been introduced to industry at even younger ages. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) estimates that more than several hundred thousand children are currently forced into prostitution in Thailand. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) states that more than 1 million new children worldwide enter industry every year and are forced to serve between five and 10 clients a day. The problem is not limited to Thailand; US Department of State reports that more than 2.3 million women and children are trafficked in India alone--a devastating contributor to exponential growth of AIDS in East Asia. However, Thailand has remained regional hub of industry for decades. A Deep-Rooted Infrastructure Child prostitution developed as a term in Thailand in 1908, when it first became illegal for children under 10 years old to enter brothels. However, the oldest profession in world has thrived as an industry since Ayudhaya period, dating back to 1350. In fact, prostitution of children over 14 years remained legal until 1930. By 1949, Bangkok had gained such a reputation that a guidebook was published specifically for tourists traveling to Thailand to indulge their sexual pleasures. However, in his book From Peasant Girls to Bangkok Masseuses, ILO researcher Pasuk Phongpaichit recognized that tradition was not only factor in growth of Thai sex industry. The structure of Thai economy was also contributing to development of industry. Since 1950s, Thailand has rejected idea of tight economic planning ... to build up a manufacturing sector. Rather, it counted on private enterprise to achieve economic growth by pursuing comparative advantage which Thailand enjoys. As Cold War-era global economy transformed, international trade declined, and low, cheap labor became a crutch for declining economy. As Phongpaichit writes, Thailand continued to rely on incentive to attract foreign and local investors to sink money into urban enterprise ... not allowing any of rural interests to develop any real political torque. These phenomena created what have been recognized by many social scientists as most optimal conditions for growth of oppressive industry. High urban wages and low rural incomes made prostitution cheap for city-earners while providing an astounding income for countryside families. Monetary inflation in late 1960s and early 1970s decreased real cost of service, attracting foreigners to industry. …" @default.
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• W214084961 date "2004-09-22" @default.
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• W214084961 title "Saving the Youngest Workers: The Struggle against the Southeast Asian Sex Trade" @default.
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