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• W2141204537 abstract "Reported is a practical method for determining the instantaneous fuel flow rate out of a gaseous fuel injector. Unsteady fuel flow rates introduced into a combustor can be caused by both self-excited pressure pulsations and fuel modulations. During combustion instability, the air flow rate into a combustor also varies in response to pressure pulsations. Accurate determination of the instantaneous fuel and air flow rates is important for both modeling and control of combustion instability. The developed method is based on acoustic wave theory and pressure measurements at two locations upstream of a fuel injector. This method bypasses the complexities and nonlinearities of fuel actuators and fuel nozzles, and works for systems with slow-time-varying characteristics. Acoustic impedance of a gaseous fuel nozzle is found to be a function of multivariable variables, including the forcing frequency, the acoustic oscillation intensity, and the mean fuel flow rate. Thus, it is not an intrinsic property or characteristics of the fuel injector alone. In the present study, sharp tubing bending with almost zero radii is found to have minimal effects on the distribution of 1D acoustic wave. This is probably because vortex shedding and recirculation at tubing corners do not alter the globally 1D characteristics of acoustic wave distribution. Different from the traditional two-microphone method, which determines the acoustic velocity at the middle locations of the two microphones, the present method allows the acoustic velocity, the acoustic mass flux, and the specific acoustic impedance to be determined along the fuel tubing or an air duct. Nomenclature A = the complex amplitude of the downstream-propagating acoustic wave, Pa B = the complex amplitude of the upstream-propagating acoustic wave, Pa t A = the internal flow area of the fuel tubing, m 2 c = the mean sound speed, m/s F = the acoustic oscillation frequency, Hz" @default.
• W2141204537 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2141204537 date "2009-01-05" @default.
• W2141204537 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2141204537 title "Determination of the Instantaneous Fuel Flow Rate out of a Gaseous Fuel Nozzle" @default.
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• W2141204537 doi "https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-987" @default.
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