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• W2142862764 abstract "Abstract Capture of carbon dioxide emissions from industry and their subsequent storage deep below the Earth's surface in porous rocks has great potential for reducing the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) could provide humankind with a plausible transition to a low carbon economy without having to suddenly stop use of fossil fuels. A prerequisite for geostorage of carbon dioxide is determination of storage capacity, of a potential site, a geological province or indeed for a whole country. The approach to calculation of the resource (available pore space) for carbon dioxide storage shares much in common with the process used to estimate oil, gas, or indeed aquifer water volume. The calculation involves the following stages: measurement of gross rock volume, calculation of net (porous) rock volume, calculation of void space, and finally determination of how much of the void space could be filled with carbon dioxide. The accuracy with which the first three calculations can be made is determined by the quantity and quality of the data available. Typically, gross rock volume is not measured directly but instead combines geographic location data with time domain information from seismic reflection surveys then subject to interpretation of the horizons of interest. Net to gross and porosity tend to be measured very accurately for individual wells or parts of wells but as formation architecture is both heterogeneous and anisotropic, further uncertainties are introduced in the upscaling process from single or multiple wells to field (storage site). However, the most difficult step in the calculation is the final one; what proportion of the void space can be occupied by CO 2 ? Theoretically, the whole of the pore space could be occupied by CO 2 , but in practice, it will not be possible to remove all of the water or petroleum from a system used for carbon storage. Some of the existing fluids (water or petroleum) will not be displaced. For a regional assessment of storage capacity, here has been a tendency to use an “efficiency factor”—that is a very small number which when applied to the large pore volume calculated gives a plausible storage volume! The calculation may also be subject to numerical simulation in an adaptation of the same approach used by (petroleum) reservoir engineers. Efficiency factors of a small percentage or less are the norm. For an individual, well‐characterized site, it is likely to be possible to fill a much greater portion of the pore space. Observations in CO 2 ‐enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects have indicated that it may be possible to displace 40% or more of the pore fluids. Indeed, it is the potential for enhanced oil (and gas) recovery which may drive our understanding of the displacement process. EOR projects are more likely to get funded in the short term because they generate a revenue stream. In addition to storage of CO 2 in conventional reservoirs, options exist for storage and/or sequestration in unconventional reservoir systems (shales, coals, and fractured basement rocks)." @default.
• W2142862764 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2142862764 date "2015-07-16" @default.
• W2142862764 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2142862764 title "CO2Storage Capacity" @default.
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• W2142862764 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118991978.hces180" @default.
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