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• W2143314013 abstract "This study explores the characteristics of pain hardy and pain sensitive individuals. Two hundred and sixty healthy college students submerged their hand in ice water. A median split performed on the duration of pain tolerance identified pain hardy and pain sensitive individuals. The pain hardy individuals submerged their hand in ice water significantly longer than pain sensitive individuals. Participants completed scales measuring Type D personality, pain intensity, fear of pain, pain anxiety, anxiety control, state anxiety, and trait anxiety. Other scales used in this study assessed pain sensitivity, depression, pain self-efficacy, and positive affect, negative affect, and optimism. Measures included Type D personality scale (Denolett, 2000), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), PASS (Pain Anxiety Scale), PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Scale), The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Anxiety Control Questionnaire (ACQ), and LOT-R (life Orientation Test-Revised) as a measure optimism. Results indicated that pain hardy individuals displayed a significantly lower pain anxiety, less fear of pain, and reduced anxiety and depression reactions. Results demonstrated that pain hardy individuals were lower on distresses, as measured by Type D personality scale. Pain hardy persons accepted the discomfort of pain and experienced pain at lower intensities. Pain sensitive individuals avoided the anxiety associated with pain and reported having more intense pain and negative emotional reactions. Pain sensitive individuals showed a greater pain anxiety, higher fear of pain, and displayed difficulties in inhibiting their personal distresses. Pain hardy individuals were more optimistic toward life and exhibited greater self-efficacy in handling pain and anxiety. Accepting pain, developing higher pain self-efficacy skills, and improving personal resourcefulness in managing various distresses of life renders pain more tolerable This study explores the characteristics of pain hardy and pain sensitive individuals. Two hundred and sixty healthy college students submerged their hand in ice water. A median split performed on the duration of pain tolerance identified pain hardy and pain sensitive individuals. The pain hardy individuals submerged their hand in ice water significantly longer than pain sensitive individuals. Participants completed scales measuring Type D personality, pain intensity, fear of pain, pain anxiety, anxiety control, state anxiety, and trait anxiety. Other scales used in this study assessed pain sensitivity, depression, pain self-efficacy, and positive affect, negative affect, and optimism. Measures included Type D personality scale (Denolett, 2000), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), PASS (Pain Anxiety Scale), PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Scale), The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Anxiety Control Questionnaire (ACQ), and LOT-R (life Orientation Test-Revised) as a measure optimism. Results indicated that pain hardy individuals displayed a significantly lower pain anxiety, less fear of pain, and reduced anxiety and depression reactions. Results demonstrated that pain hardy individuals were lower on distresses, as measured by Type D personality scale. Pain hardy persons accepted the discomfort of pain and experienced pain at lower intensities. Pain sensitive individuals avoided the anxiety associated with pain and reported having more intense pain and negative emotional reactions. Pain sensitive individuals showed a greater pain anxiety, higher fear of pain, and displayed difficulties in inhibiting their personal distresses. Pain hardy individuals were more optimistic toward life and exhibited greater self-efficacy in handling pain and anxiety. Accepting pain, developing higher pain self-efficacy skills, and improving personal resourcefulness in managing various distresses of life renders pain more tolerable" @default.
• W2143314013 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2143314013 date "2011-04-01" @default.
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• W2143314013 title "Personal characteristics of pain hardy and pain sensitive individuals" @default.
• W2143314013 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2011.02.315" @default.
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