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• W214363741 abstract "The five-year jubilee Demokratizatsiya gives us a good opportunity to look both back and ahead. In less than half a decade, Demokratizatsiya has been transformed from a rather modest, student pilot project into an established political journal, a genuinely pluralistic forum for enthusiasts of the democratic reforms in Russia, the New Independent States (NIS), and Central and Eastern Europe, and for supporters of civil society, human rights, and market economy. The period from 1992 to 1997 comprises a whole epoch. Only six years ago, Russia and the other republics were still part of the Soviet Union. Today, despite all of the inconsistencies, mistakes, and hardship of the transition period, they are seperate countries, with distinct faces and lifestyles; they are saddled with the old problems as well as new threats and risks. One of the key elements in the democratic reform process was, and is still, the restructuring of former Communist intelligence, security, and law enforcement agencies, and reform of the laws and the justice system. Demokratizatsiya, its editors, authors, and readers, made an invaluable contribution to this process, and I am grateful for the privilege of being part of this endeavor. Old Agenda, New Problems When we began our work in 1992, the security and law enforcement agenda seemed to be as follows: * Disbanding the totalitarian leviathan of the KGB * Eliminating the party apparatus and removing ideological guidelines from the intelligence, security, and law enforcement agencies * Eliminating the domestic political arm of the secret police * Removing law enforcement functions from state security services * Adopting democratic legislation and procedures for the secret services and law enforcement agencies * Establishing legislative and civil control over the security apparatus * The introduction of legal limitations banning the perpetrators of the totalitarian regime, those who previously collaborated with the Communist political police, from the government and public offices of the struggling new democracy * Codifying democratic legislation concerning state secrets and intelligence archives, and declassifying KGB political police documents * Providing more transparency in the working of the intelligence and security communities In retrospect, one can say that reform in the law enforcement field succeeded more in restructuring the old Communist state security mechanism than in reinventing a new democratic law enforcement and justice system. As far as civil control of those agencies, lustration, or access to the KGB archives is concerned, more remains to be done than was accomplished in the last five years. Even in these areas, there have been some accomplishments that have laid ground for future progress. The first watershed was the annual Moscow conferences, KGB, Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, hosted by Sergei Grigoryants (famed dissident and head of the Glasnost Foundation) and Arseny Roginsky (of the human rights group Memorial), among others, with the support of Demokratizatsiya and other Russian and Western civil society organizations. The conferences have been held regularly since 1993 (the next one is scheduled for November 1997) and have attracted hundreds of former dissidents and political prisoners; civil right activists; Russian, Central European, and Western experts, jurists, and journalists. The conferences became a powerful medium for promoting the democratic transformation of law enforcement, and a lever of pressure on the authorities for advancing civil control on the activities of state security organs. One of the pivotal points in the public scrutiny of state security agencies was the adoption of a constitutional right to freedom of information, an idea advanced by the St. Petersburg organization Citizens' Watch, headed by Boris Pustintsev. …" @default.
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• W214363741 date "1997-09-22" @default.
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• W214363741 title "From Post-Communist Chaos to Mature Democracy" @default.
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