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• W2143797178 abstract "A SEMIFLUIDIZED bed is a compromise between the packed and fluidized bed conditions, wherein certain drawbacks of both the operations are eliminated. Based on correlations developed by the authors for predicting the minimum and the maximum semi-fluidization velocities, the packed bed formation and the pressure drop across a semifluidized bed, a method is suggested for the design of a gas-solid semifluidizer. SEMI-FLUIDIZATION is a recent development in the field of fluid-solid contact operations. This can be reviewed as the combination of a batch fluidized bed at the bottom and a fixed bed at the top. The process takes into consideration the merits of both fixed and fluidized beds. This technique can be successfully employed in industries such as catalytic reactors (mixed tubular reactors), ion-exchange columns, heat exchangers, solvent extractors, driers, etc. A glance into the literature reveals that scanty information is available in the field of semi-fluidization, liquid-solid as well as gas-solid systems. Some studies have been reported for the prediction of minimum and maximum semi-fluidization velocities the packed bed formation and the pressure drop across the bed. Very little informations on heat and mass transfer in semifluidized bed is reported and there is considerable scope for work in these fields. The technique offers immense potential in processes involving heat and/or mass transfer, as well as in the field of reaction kinetics. The design approach for such units is lacking in literature and as such, a method, based on correlations developed by the authors for gas-solid systems, is reported in the present paper. Maximum semi-fluidization velocity The maximum semi-fluidization velocity has been defined as the velocity at which the entire solid particles are transferred to the top and give rise to a packed bed formation almost equal to initial static bed. This velocity also corresponds to the terminal free fall velocity of the particles. There are three * Present address: Department of. Chemical Engineering, Regional Engineering College, Rourkela. Chemical Industry Developments incorporating CP&E, May 1973 methods for finding the maximum semi-fluidization velocity. (iii) By calculation of terminal free fall velocity, either by the application of the laws of gravity settling in the appropriate ranges or by the method suggested by Pinchbeck and Popper. For gas-solid system Fan et al. 4 compared maximum semi-fluidization velocity with the terminal free fall velocity of the particles. Comparison on a similar line has been made by Roy and Sarma for liquid-solid system. An empirical equation for predicting the maximum semi-fluidization velocity for such system has also been developed as, Based on the above equation a nomograph was made for the rapid evaluation of Gmsf . Poddar and Dutt have given the following equation for the prediction of the maximum semi-fluidization velocity in liquidsolid system. The present authors have deveiopedan equation applicable for gas-solid systems (spherical as well as non-spherical particles) as follows : Minimum semi-fluidization velocity It is the minimum fluid velocity at which the first particle of the bed touches the top restraint of the semi-fluidizer. In an actual experiment, it is not exactly possible to visualise the situation. Hence the value of the minimum semi-fluidization velocity is to be obtained indirectly. The following two methods are normally used: 1. By plotting the fluid mass velocity against pressure drop on log paper, two distinct breaks are observed the first one corresponds to minimum fluidization velocity and the second for Gosf. 2. From the plot of hf/hs against fluid mass velocity, where the fluid velocity corresponding to hf/hs The pioneer investigators Fan, Wang and Wen studied the dynamical characteristics of semi-fluidized bed of single size particles for both liquid-solid and gas-solid systems. It was observed that Gosf is dependent on the physical properties of the system and the bed expansion ratio. Poddar and Dutt suggested the following equation for the prediction of Gosf in liquid-solid system. Pressure drop The pressure drop in a semifluidized bed should be ideally equal to the algebraic sum of the pressure drops across the fluidized section and the packed section, as both are aligned in series in the direction of flow. Fan and Co-workers measured the total pressure drop occurring during semi-fluidization and compared these measured values with those calculated from theoretical equations. They have used Ergun's equation for calculation of the pressure drop for the packed section. The equation for total pressure drop was given as : The authors concluded that equation (12) gives lower values compared to the experimental ones. The present authors have developed correlations for predicting the pressure drop in a gas-solid semifluidized bed. The pressure drop for packed section has been calculated using Ergun's equation and for the fluidized section, Leva's equation has been used. The sum total of the calculated pressure drop, Considering the parameters of importance, the following equation has been developed by the present authors for predicting GOSf for gas-solid sys tem. Packed bed formation In semi-fluidization, it is important to know the variation in the height of the packed bed with the change in the velocity of the fluid. Fan and coworkers suggested the following relation (valid for gas-solid and liquid-solid systems) for the prediction of packed bed height, The use of the above equations for the design of a gas-solid semi-fluidizer may be illustrated with the help of the following example." @default.
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• W2143797178 date "1973-05-01" @default.
• W2143797178 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2143797178 title "Design of a gas-solid semifluidizer" @default.
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