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• W2143854443 abstract "Placebos are useful in the medical care of the elderly, although the exact definition of a placebo or placebo effect is difficult to define precisely. They have an important role as control treatments in research trials, but a non-specific placebo effect may also be beneficial part of many physician-patient interactions. Physicians also give them deliberately according to several studies worldwide to satisfy patient demands or because they believe in a placebo effect among other reasons. A significant placebo effect has been observed among older patients in clinical trials of antidepressants (12-15%), and in treatments of Parkinson's disease (16%). Placebos activate serotonergic pathways in the brain used by antidepressants. In Parkinson's disease, the administration of a placebo stimulates dopamine release in the dorsal (resulting in motor effects) and ventral striatum (which influences expectation of reward). Much of our understanding of the placebo effect comes from studies of placebo analgesia which is influenced by conditioning, expectation, meaning and context of the treatment for the patient, and patient-physician interaction. It is anatomically medicated by brain opioid pathways. Response to sham acupuncture in osteoarthritis may be an example of its use in the elderly. Placebos have often been considered a deception and thus unethical. On the other hand, some physicians and ethicists have suggested conditions for appropriate uses for placebos. A placebo might offer the theoretical advantage of an inexpensive treatment that would not cause adverse drug reactions or interactions with other medications, potentially avoiding complications of polypharmacy." @default.
• W2143854443 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2143854443 creator A5073294758 @default.
• W2143854443 date "2010-03-17" @default.
• W2143854443 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2143854443 title "Would the elderly be better off if they were given more placebos?" @default.
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• W2143854443 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2009.00580.x" @default.
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