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- W2144990548 abstract "Much of the evidence we have about the aetiology of neoplastic diseases points to the strong influence of environmental factors. Ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens and viruses are now all implicated in human as well as in animal cancers. Even where no specific agent is recognized the environmental influence can be inferred, as in the change of cancer incidence in immigrant populations to match that of the indigenous population. The temptation, then, is to attribute a certain high percentage of cancers to 'the environment'. This has always seemed to me to be wrong in principle. The phenotype which is the resultant of the interaction between environment and genotype includes disease susceptibility and it is axiomatic that all cancers will have a genetic component. The importance of this component will be dependent, of course, on the strength of the environmental influence. It is not difficult to imagine an influence so potent that individual variation is of trivial significance, but such situations are uncommon. In most cases only a tiny minority of the exposed population develop a cancer. It can be argued that significant cellular events are rare and that such a distribution is due to the play of chance. If this were so it would mean not only that the probability of an initiation event is the same for all individuals exposed to the same environmental stimulus but also that the probability of an initiation event progressing to frank neoplasia is the same for everyone. We know from experimental systems that this is not so and that after an initiation event progression to a fully developed tumor will depend on age, sex, hormone balance, nutrition, immune status, exposure to promoters and so on. That none of these is influenced by genetic factors is inconceivable." @default.
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- W2144990548 date "1984-12-01" @default.
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- W2144990548 title "The nature of inherited susceptibility to cancer." @default.
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- W2144990548 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/5.12.1535" @default.
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