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- W2145390729 abstract "We have met today to honour the memory of John Dalton who was born two centuries ago. He was elected into the Royal Society in 1822 and was awarded the first Royal Medal in 1826. Dalton’s name is always associated with Lavoisier’s in my mind as the two men who made nineteenth century chemistry possible. There could be no greater contrast than their circumstances: Lavoisier with all the advantages of education and opportunity that wealth could give; Dalton, the son of a weaver, earned his living by teaching from the age of twelve. Meteorology was the first scientific interest of both, an interest that they maintained throughout their lives. Neither had the superb qualitative perception of Priestley or Scheele, both relied on measurement, both were striving after fundamental causes. Lavoisier worked in a great laboratory with fine instruments, Dalton with home-made apparatus, in early days in his own room, like Davy and Berzelius. The approach of both was from the physical rather than the chemical side. Lavoisier in a moment of elation at the start of his study of gases, following on his first experiments on combustion, set down his conviction that his work was destined to accomplish a revolution in chemistry and physics. Dalton gave his book the proud title— A New System of Chemical Philosophy . Both their claims were amply justified by subsequent events. Lavoisier made the balance the arbiter of the chemical balance sheet, thereby destroying the myth of phlogiston and giving chemistry a rational basis for quantitive investigation. In the first decade of the nineteenth century there were many able chemists exploring the field that Lavoiser had thus laid open: in Britain, Wollaston, Davy and Thomson, in France, Berthollet, Gay-Lussac and Proust, in Germany, Klaproth, Bucholz and Rose, and in Sweden, Berzelius. How was it that it fell not to one of these but to Dalton, a self-taught lone worker with little experience of chemistry, to give the atomic theory the quantitative significance that made it the vehicle of chemical thought throughout the nineteenth century? This is one of the most fascinating questions that has engaged the attention of historians of chemistry for more than a century and there have been several rival answers. Now at last I think it can be answered with some certainty in spite of the destruction of Dalton’s notebooks in the bombing of Manchester." @default.
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- W2145390729 date "1967-09-19" @default.
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- W2145390729 title "John Dalton, F. R. S. (1766-1844) and the Atomic Theory—A lecture to commemorate his bicentenary" @default.
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- W2145390729 doi "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1967.0171" @default.
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