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• W2145615911 abstract "AbstractThis article explores Taiwan’s worker activism in the early postwar era (1945–55) in the attempt to revise the received perception of labour quiescence under high authoritarianism. Rather than a passive victim of state repression, workers mounted two rounds of resistance, first in the form of factory-defending worker-militias during the February 28 Incident of 1947 and later in the subsequent clandestine communist movement. With the case of sugar industry workers, it is argued the postwar ethnic domination was the triggering factor for worker resistance, which was severely repressed. Their consecutive failures as well as the lure of the privileged status of state-owned enterprise employees eventually persuaded them to accept a subordinate role.Key Words: Working classcolonialismethnicityTaiwanresistance AcknowledgementThis research is in part funded by Taiwan’s National Science Council (100-2410-H-002-129-MY2). The author thanks Shi-yung Liu, Julia Strauss and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. The assistance of Chunhao Huang and Mei Lan Huang is appreciated.Notes1 The author’s calculation of the data in Council for International Economic Cooperation and Development (Citation1973, 178).2 This research focuses on the ethnic relations in the immediate postwar era only. Later on, the significance of ethnicity as a social cleavage still remained, but its primacy has been eclipsed by subsequent developments. Hence my observation is not applicable to present-day Taiwan.3 According to the statistics provided by the outgoing Japanese management, there were 16,004 Japanese and Taiwanese employees (see Zhang Citation1958, 21). The March 1946 figure already reflected the postwar change, especially the influx of Chinese, but it remained the closest one available to grasp the situation at the end of colonial rule.4 This estimate was based on two available sources. First, there was an extant copy of the transfer inventory at Dalin Sugar Refinery, which documented a list of 528 employees, including their positions and salaries. The second source came from Xinying Sugar Refinery. There were statistics about the personnel structure as early as December 1945 (National Resources Commission Citation1947, 5). The ethnic ratios of Dalin and Xinying were very close, with an average of around 75% of the workforce being Taiwanese.5 In the postwar period, the status distinction between staff (zhiyuan) and factory workers (gongyuan) was kept until the personnel reform in the early 1960s, which replaced them with “classification position” (fenlei zhiwei) and “evaluation position” (pingjia zhiwei). The new system did not abolish the previous two-track job ladder, nor did it alter the public perception of the hierarchical difference. Despite the change in terminology, everyday conversation continued to use “staff” and “factory worker” even though these terms ceased to be official designations. In this article, I followed the popular usage of the terms.6 Since the colonial era, sugar refineries were guarded by policemen to prevent the theft of sugarcane. Yet, after suppressing the 1947 uprising, the government enlarged the policing force to avoid a possible second revolt; thus, workers also became the target of surveillance.7 For example, a son of a National Taiwan University professor, a mainlander, was hired as a deputy engineer (fujishi) by the TSC on the basis of his father’s recommendation to the NRC. See Cross-Strait Publication and Exchange Center (Citation2007, CV, 305–312).8 In 1946, the official exchange rate was one Taiwan Dollar for 30 National Dollars, the currency circulating in mainland China.9 “The Telegraph of the TSC General Manager to the NRC (March 3, 1947).” The Official Documents Concerning the TSC’s Subsidiaries during the February 28 Incident (file number 228-B-5-2), The Archives of the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica.10 “The Telegraph of the TSC General Manager Shen Zhennan to the NRC (March 5, 1947).” The Official Documents Concerning the TSC’s Subsidiaries during the February 28 Incident (file number 228-B-5-2), The Archives of the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica.11 “The Nanjing Refinery in the Taiwan Incident (March 1947).” The Official Documents Concerning the TSC’s Subsidiaries during the February 28 Incident (file number 228-M-5-2), The Archives of the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica.12 In other state-owned enterprises, there were reports of soldiers looting and robbery as they carried out their mission of suppression. See Ho (Citation2007, 167)." @default.
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• W2145615911 date "2014-02-18" @default.
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• W2145615911 title "From Resistance to Accommodation: Taiwanese Working Class in the Early Postwar Era (1945–55)" @default.
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• W2145615911 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2014.886286" @default.
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