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• W2146668960 abstract "Summary Presence of natural fractures in hydrocarbon reservoirs results in directional variation of permeability. As the natural fractures have apertures much smaller than the wavelength of seismic waves used in exploration, the observable seismic attributes are velocity anisotropy, shear wave splitting and variation of reflection amplitudes with offset and azimuth (AVOA). Fracture attributes, viz. Fracture orientation, fracture density and fracture infill can be estimated from the analysis of AVOA data. Knowledge of fracture attributes serves as key parameters for drilling operation in a fractured reservoir for enhanced recovery of oil and gas. In the present study, we investigated the nature of amplitude variation with offset and azimuth (AVOA) for pure and mode converted waves from a fractured media with different fluid saturation. The velocity and reflection coefficients have direct relations with fracture orientation, fracture density. By sorting over azimuth and offset in a gather, the azimutha l variation of velocity as well as amplitudes can be determined. Quantitative relations between approximate reflection coefficien ts (PP and PS) and excess fracture compliances have been established and used to extract information about fracture attributes from surface seismic data. For this purpose a general slip model has been used to represent the elastic properties of fractures . It has been shown that both the PP and PS reflectivity are sensitive to normal and shear fracture weaknesses- dimensionless parameters simply related with the excess fracture compliances. The ratio of the normal and shear weakness is a measure of the fluid content in the reservoir. The experimental results reveal that for small fracture weakness (15% or less), inversions of NMO velocities as well as pure mode P-wave AVOA data yield reliable estimates of fracture weakness and fluid saturation. Most of the investigations on seismic wave propagation in fractured media consider vertical or steeply dipping fractures. Angerer (2002) reported the existence of obliquely dipping fractures in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Grechka and Tsvankin (2004) developed a method for quantitative characterization of obliquely dipping fractures. In an earlier work (Shaw and Sen, 2004), they used Born approximation to write an approximation of linearized PP-reflection coefficients over a transversely isotropic medium with tilted axis of symmetry (TTI) in terms of weak anisotropic parameters. We have also investigated effects of fluid infill on the AVOA over obliquely dipping fractures since variation of seismic amplitudes with azimuth provides information on the strike of the fractures, the dip of the fractures can not be estimated easily. The presence of obliquely dipping fractures can be inferred from the following observations on single/ multi component seismic data as (i) asymmetry of travel times in mode converted PS-waves (Angerer et al, 2002) reflected from a horizontal reflector.(ii) a significant horizontal component of P-wave as well as vertical component of slow S-wave, for near vertical incidence (Grechka and Tsvankin, 2004). We also investigated the problem of attenuation of seismic waves in a visco-elastic medium. The results show that for an accurate amplitude analysis, the effect of attenuation need to be removed." @default.
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• W2146668960 date "2006-01-01" @default.
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• W2146668960 title "Inversion of Azimuth Dependent Seismic Velocities and Amplitudes to Characterize Fracture Geometry and Fluid Infill" @default.
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