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- W2146780996 abstract "Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of calcium or magnesium hardness on the acute toxicity of copper sulfate to juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in low alkalinity environments. A preliminary bioassay determined the 48-h LC50 of copper sulfate to be 1.25 mg l−1 for juvenile catfish placed in water with calcium hardness and total alkalinity set at 20 mg l−1 CaCO3. In the first experiment, catfish were exposed to 1.25 mg l−1 copper sulfate in environments where calcium hardness was varied from 10–400 mg l−1 CaCO3. Total alkalinity was 20 mg l−1 CaCO3. As calcium hardness increased, copper-induced catfish mortalities decreased significantly from 90% at 10 mg l−1 CaCO3 to 5% at 400 mg l−1 CaCO3. In the second experiment, catfish were exposed to 1.25 mg l−1 copper sulfate in environments containing either calcium or magnesium hardness, 20 and 400 mg l−1 CaCO3, with total alkalinity set at 20 mg l−1 CaCO3. Survival rates in calcium hardness treatments were consistent with those in the first experiment. However, 100% mortality was observed in both treatments containing magnesium-based hardness. These data suggest a calcium-specific mechanism with respect to acute copper toxicity in channel catfish." @default.
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- W2146780996 date "1999-03-01" @default.
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- W2146780996 title "Effects of calcium and magnesium hardness on acute copper toxicity to juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus" @default.
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- W2146780996 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(98)00499-2" @default.
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