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• W2147223767 abstract "The thinning of stone fruit is important in order to produce fruit of high quality, with the appropriate fruit size. Hand thinning contributes largely to the total production cost, as hand thinning is labour intensive, and labour costs are increasing. The efficacy of the Darwin 300TM at full bloom in reducing hand thinning requirements in ‘Zephyr’, ‘Summer Fire’ and ‘Royal Sun’ nectarine orchards was evaluated in consecutive seasons while also determining the effect on yield, fruit quality and return bloom. The trials in the case of ‘Zephyr’ and ‘Summer Fire’ were performed on the farm Tandfontein, in the Koue Bokkeveld area, South Africa, over the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons. Trees on ‘SAPO 778’ rootstock were planted in 2005 at a spacing of 4 x 1.5 m and are trained to a slender spindle. The ‘Royal Sun’ trial was performed on the farm Swartdam, near Riebeeck-Kasteel, South Africa, during the 2012/2013 season. The ‘Royal Sun’ on ‘Flordaguard’ was planted in 2009 at a spacing of 4 x 1.5m and the trees are trained to a slender spindle. The Darwin 300TM was used at a constant tractor speed of 4.8 km .h, with mechanical thinning performed at full bloom, while the rotor speed varied from 200, 220 and 240 r.p.m. A randomised complete block design was used with nine trees per plot (using the central five trees for data) and five blocks in the case of ‘Zephyr’ and ‘Summer Fire’, with eight blocks used for the ‘Royal Sun’. In the case of the ‘Royal Sun’, a hand bloom thinned control was also included. The time required to hand thin the five trees in the case of ‘Zephyr’, was consistently reduced by an average 43% in the 2011/2012 season and 33% in the 2012/2013 season. In the case of ‘Summer Fire’, the time required was reduced by an average of 32% in the 2011/2012 season and 35% in the 2012/2013 season. For the ‘Royal Sun’ this reduction was 44%, compared to 34% for the hand bloom thinned control. In the case of the ‘Zephyr’ in the 2011/2012 season, a negative linear trend was observed with increasing rotor speed in the time required to hand thin. This negative linear trend was also observed in the yield per tree in the 2011/2012 season. The yield per tree was consistently reduced and resulted in an average reduction of 21% in the 2011/2012 season and 27% in the 2012/2013 season. This reduction in yield was not significant in the 2011/2012 season in the case of ‘Summer Fire’, but a significant average reduction of 25% was found in the 2012/2013 season. In the case of ‘Royal Sun’ the Darwin 300 bloom thinning resulted in an average reduction of 18% in yield per tree and the hand bloom thinned control in a 7% reduction in the yield per tree. This reduction in yield resulted in an increase in fruit size during both Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za" @default.
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• W2147223767 date "2014-12-01" @default.
• W2147223767 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2147223767 title "Mechanical and chemical thinning of stone fruit" @default.
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