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• W2147373402 abstract "Beneficial effects of nicotine on cognition and behavioral control are hypothesized to relate to the high rates of cigarette smoking in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Given that ADHD is associated with both impulsivity and elevated risk taking, we hypothesized that nicotine modulates risk taking, as it does impulsivity. 26 non-smoking young adults (15 controls with normal impulsivity and 11 ADHD with high impulsivity) received 7 mg transdermal nicotine, 20 mg oral mecamylamine, and placebo on separate days, followed by the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART). Statistical analyses found no group differences in baseline risk taking. Reexamination of the data using a median split on baseline risk taking, to create high (HRT) and low (LRT) risk taking groups, revealed significant effects of nicotinic drugs that differed by group. Nicotine reduced risk taking in HRT and mecamylamine increased risk taking in LRT. This finding supports the hypothesis that nicotinic receptor function modulates risk taking broadly, beyond those with ADHD, and is consistent with rate dependent cholinergic modulation of other cognitive functions. Further, the results demonstrate that high impulsivity is separable from high risk taking in young adults with ADHD, supporting the utility of these differential behavioral phenotypes for neurobiological studies. ► This is the first report of the effects of cholinergic agents on the BART. ► ADHD subjects were not higher in risk taking than non-impulsive controls. ► There were rate dependent effects of nicotine and mecamylamine on BART performance. ► This study has implications for disorders characterized by pathological risk taking." @default.
• W2147373402 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2147373402 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2147373402 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2147373402 title "Rate dependent effects of acute nicotine on risk taking in young adults are not related to ADHD diagnosis" @default.
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• W2147373402 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2012.11.005" @default.
• W2147373402 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3545091" @default.
• W2147373402 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23159875" @default.
• W2147373402 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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