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- W2147963116 abstract "We analyzed the effects of the Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger (NHE) inhibitor 3,5-diamino-6-chloro-<i>N</i>-(diaminomethylidene)pyrazine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (amiloride) and its analogs 5-(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl)-amiloride (DMA) and 5-(<i>N</i>-ethyl-<i>N-</i>isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of prostaglandin (PG) E<sub>2</sub> in vitro and in vivo. In the mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW 264, these inhibitors suppressed the LPS (1 μg/ml)-induced production of PGE<sub>2</sub> at 8 h in a concentration-dependent manner. They also reduced the LPS-induced release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids at 4 h and the LPS-induced increase in the level of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein at 6 h, but not the level of COX-2 mRNA at 3 h. The LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and degradation of inhibitor of κB-α were not inhibited by these drugs. In an air pouch-type LPS-induced inflammation model in mice 30 mg/kg amiloride and 10 mg/kg EIPA as well as the COX inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg/kg), significantly reduced the level of PGE<sub>2</sub> in the pouch fluid at 8 h and the vascular permeability from 4 to 8 h. The accumulation of pouch fluid and leukocytes in the pouch fluid at 8 h was significantly inhibited by amiloride and EIPA but not by indomethacin. These findings suggested that the NHE inhibitors suppress the production of PGE<sub>2</sub> through inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid and the increase in COX-2 protein levels and thus induce anti-inflammatory activity." @default.
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- W2147963116 date "2007-01-19" @default.
- W2147963116 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
- W2147963116 title "Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>Production and Inflammation by the Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>Exchanger Inhibitors" @default.
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- W2147963116 doi "https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.106.116251" @default.
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