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• W2148281314 abstract "Frequently, in descriptions of behavior of Ss with intellectual deficits, various forms of brain damage, neuroses or psychoses, or in descriptions of responses to difficult or insoluble problems, references are made to some aspect of variability (or, conversely, stereotypy) of behavior ( 11 ) .hat is, in each of these contexts some indication is made of the nature of S's responses as related to previous responses made in similar or, even, identical situations. Often the concern of the investigator is less with the ability of the S to reach some prescribed level of proficiency than with the manner in which this level is reached. To the empirically oriented researcher the matter of measuring and interpreting intra-subject variability is recurrent and, mildly, pestersome. For this type of researcher a systematic analysis would clarify much of the semantic confusion which exists and, conceivably, place the relevant dimensions in workable perspective. Some help, both theoretical and empirical, can be had from Guthrie ( 5 ) , Voeks ( 16), and the mathematical modelists, Bush and Mosteller ( 1 ), Estes (2 ), and Miller and Frick (4, 12 ) ; all are primarily interested in the sequential, rather than the adaptive or functional, nature of learning. As distinct from the goal-oriented or functionalistic psychologists the above authors do not emphasize behavior as it fits the external environment, i.e., as it correlates with an external criterion, but do emphasize behavior as it correlates with past behavior. To elaborate: in Fig. 1 is presented a segment of a data sheet. It is for a conventional 5-choice serial maze. It could be used equally well in any situation in which the serial nature of S's responses is studied. Across the top is the pattern of responses by which any choice or trial is designated correct. Vertically, individual trials are enumerated. Of these three measures illustrated, consider first the one marked E. Traditionally, this is an error; the S's behavior failed to fit the experimenter's criterion. On the other hand, A and P are measures of S's variability. A is response alternation; it indicates how predictable S is from trial to trial at" @default.
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• W2148281314 date "1957-06-01" @default.
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• W2148281314 title "Prediction of Behavior in a Free and in a Patterned Situation" @default.
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