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• W2148287806 abstract "Undecomposed human bodies and organs always attracted interest in terms of understanding biological tissue stability and immortality. Amongst these, cases of natural mummification found in glaciers, bog sediments and deserts caused even more attention. In 2010, an archeological excavation of a Bronze Age layer in a tumulus near the Western Anatolia city Kütahya revealed fire affected regions with burnt human skeletons and charred wooden objects. Inside of the cracked skulls, undecomposed brains were discernible. To analyze the burial taphonomy of the rare phenomenon of brain preservation, we analyzed brains, bone, teeth and surrounding soils elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Adipocere formation or saponification of postmortem tissue fat requires high levels of alkalinity and especially potassium. Indeed, ICP-MS analysis of the brain, teeth and bone and also of the surrounding soil revealed high levels of potassium, magnesium, aluminum and boron, which are compatible with the famous role of Kütahya in tile production with its soil containing high level of alkalines and tile-glazing boron. Fatty acid chromatography revealed simultaneous saturation of fats and protection of fragile unsaturated fatty acids consistent with soil-presence of both pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant trace metals. Computerized tomography revealed protection of diencephalic, metencephalic and occipital tissue in one of the best-preserved specimens. Boron was previously found as an intentional preservative of Tutankhamen and Deir el Bahari mummies. Here, in natural soil with its insect-repellant, anti-bacterial and fire-resistance qualities it may be a factor to preserve heat-affected brains as almost bioporcellain specimens. Çürümemiş insan vücutları ve organları her zaman biyolojik doku stabilitesini ve ölümsüzlüğü anlamak isteyen araştırmacılar için dikkat çekici olmuştur. Bunların arasında buzullarda, turba bataklık sedimentlerinde ve çöllerde rastlanan doğal mumyalaşma daha da dikkat çekici olmaktadır. 2010 yılında Batı Anadolu şehri Kütahya’nın yanında bulunan Seyitömer höyüğünde orta Bronz çağı katmanı kazılırken, kısmen yanmış insan iskeletler ve tahta parçalarının yanında çatlamış kafatasları içerisinde çürümemiş beyinlere rastlandı. Gömülme koşullarının anlaşılması için, hem beyinlerin, hem kemikler, dişler ve etraftaki toprağın elementleri Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) tekniği ile analiz edildi. Ölü mumu olarak da bilinen adipocere formasyonu ya da saponifikasyon post-mortem yağ dokusunun yüksek miktarda alkalin özellikle potasyumla muamelesini gerektirmektedir. Gerçektende, ICP-MS analizleri beyin, diş ve kemik dokusu ile içlerinden çıktıkları toprağın içerisinde yüksek miktarda potasyum, magnezyum, alüminyum ve boron tesbit etti. Bu da Kütahya’nın çini üretimindeki bilinen rolü ve toprağındaki alkalenler ve çini parlatmada kullanılan bor varlığı ile örtüşüyordu. Yağ asidi kromatografisi aynı anda hem yağ asitlerinin satürasyonuna hem de frajil doymamış yağ asitlerinin korunmasına işaret ediyordu. Bu da toprakta hem oksidan hem de anti-oksidan elementlerin dengeli varlığına bağlandı. Bilgisayarlı tomografi diensefalik, metensefalik ve oksipital korteksin en iyi korunmuş örnekte mevcut olduğunu gösterdi. Daha önce yapılan çalışmalar Tutankamon ve Deyr El Bahari mumyalarında borun kasıtlı bir koruyucu olarak kullanıldığını göstermişti, böcek uzaklaştırıcı, anti-bakteriyel ve ısı-rezistansı sağlayıcı etkileri ile ısıya maruz kalmış beyinlerin adeta biyo-porselene dönüşmesinde de bor etkin olmuş olabilir." @default.
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• W2148287806 date "2014-02-01" @default.
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• W2148287806 title "Human brains found in a fire-affected 4000-years old Bronze Age tumulus layer rich in soil alkalines and boron in Kutahya, Western Anatolia" @default.
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• W2148287806 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2013.08.005" @default.
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