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• W2148549516 abstract "Epilepsy affects approximately 1% of children under the age of 15, making it a very common neurological disorder in the pediatric population (Russ et al., 2012 [ [1] Russ S.A. Larson K. Halfon N. A national profile of childhood epilepsy and seizure disorder. Pediatrics. 2012; 129 ([Epub 2012/01/25]): 256-264 Crossref PubMed Scopus (52) Google Scholar ]). In addition, ~0.4–0.8% of all pregnant women have some form of epilepsy (Hauser et al., 1996a,b; Borthen et al., 2009; Krishnamurthy, 2012 [ 2 Hauser E. Freilinger M. Seidl R. Groh C. Prognosis of childhood epilepsy in newly referred patients. J Child Neurol. 1996; 11 ([Epub 1996/05/01]): 201-204 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 3 Hauser W.A. Annegers J.F. Rocca W.A. Descriptive epidemiology of epilepsy: contributions of population-based studies from Rochester, Minnesota. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996; 71 ([Epub 1996/06/01]): 576-586 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar , 4 Borthen I. Eide M.G. Veiby G. Daltveit A.K. Gilhus N.E. Complications during pregnancy in women with epilepsy: population-based cohort study. BJOG. 2009; 116 ([Epub 2009/09/29]): 1736-1742 Crossref PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar , 5 Krishnamurthy K.B. Managing epilepsy during pregnancy: assessing risk and optimizing care. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2012; 14 ([Epub 2012/06/20]): 348-355 Crossref PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar ]). Despite the potential deleterious effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the developing brain, their use is still required for seizure control in pregnant women (Krishnamurthy, 2012 [ [5] Krishnamurthy K.B. Managing epilepsy during pregnancy: assessing risk and optimizing care. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2012; 14 ([Epub 2012/06/20]): 348-355 Crossref PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar ]), and they represent the standard approach for treating children with epilepsy (Chu-Shore and Thiele, 2010; Quach et al., 2010; Verrotti et al., 2011 [ 6 Chu-Shore C.J. Thiele E.A. New drugs for pediatric epilepsy. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2010; 17 ([Epub 2010/12/25]): 214-223 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (14) Google Scholar , 7 Quach M.M. Mazin A. Riviello Jr., J.J. Newer anticonvulsant medications in pediatric neurology. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2010; 12 ([Epub 2010/09/18]): 518-528 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar , 8 Verrotti A. Loiacono G. Coppola G. Spalice A. Mohn A. Chiarelli F. Pharmacotherapy for children and adolescents with epilepsy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011; 12 ([Epub 2011/01/07]): 175-194 Crossref PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar ]). Even when AEDs are effective, there are potential side effects, including cognitive and affective changes or altered sleep and appetite. The consequences of AED exposure in development have been studied extensively (Canger et al., 1999; Modi et al., 2011a,b; Oguni, 2011 [ 9 Canger R. Battino D. Canevini M.P. et al. Malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective study. Epilepsia. 1999; 40 ([Epub 1999/09/16]): 1231-1236 Crossref PubMed Scopus (141) Google Scholar , 10 Modi A.C. Ingerski L.M. Rausch J.R. Glauser T.A. Treatment factors affecting longitudinal quality of life in new onset pediatric epilepsy. J Pediatr Psychol. 2011; 36 ([Epub 2011/02/01]): 466-475 Crossref PubMed Scopus (15) Google Scholar , 11 Modi A.C. Rausch J.R. Glauser T.A. Patterns of nonadherence to antiepileptic drug therapy in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. JAMA. 2011; 305 ([Epub 2011/04/28]): 1669-1676 Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar , 12 Oguni H. Treatment of benign focal epilepsies in children: when and how should be treated?. Brain Dev. 2011; 33 ([Epub 2010/11/26]): 207-212 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (7) Google Scholar ]). Despite intensive study, there is still debate about the long-term consequences of early life AED exposure. Here, we consider the evidence to date that AED exposure, either prenatally or in early postnatal life, has significant adverse effects on the developing brain and incorporate studies of laboratory animals as well as those of patients. We also note the areas of research where greater clarity seems critical in order to make significant advances. A greater understanding of the impact of AEDs on somatic, cognitive and behavioral development has substantial value because it has the potential to inform clinical practice and guide studies aimed at understanding the genetic and molecular bases of comorbid pathologies associated with common treatment regimens. Understanding these effects has the potential to lead to AEDs with fewer side effects. Such advances would expand treatment options, diminish the risk associated with AED exposure in susceptible populations, and improve the quality of life and health outcomes of children with epilepsy and children born to women who took AEDs during pregnancy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “The Future of Translational Epilepsy Research”." @default.
• W2148549516 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2148549516 creator A5013260521 @default.
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• W2148549516 date "2013-03-01" @default.
• W2148549516 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
• W2148549516 title "Impact of early life exposure to antiepileptic drugs on neurobehavioral outcomes based on laboratory animal and clinical research" @default.
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