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- W2149013500 abstract "r.-The responses of three species of lapwings (Charadriidae: Vanellus spp.) to various potential predators and physically similar non-predators were recorded in the field in Kenya and Venezuela to determine how responses varied with stimulus and context of encounter. Responses observed included various alarm calls, distraction displays, aggressive displays, and fleeing. Responses varied with location of predator (terrestrial or aerial) more consistently than with class of predator (mammal, bird, or reptile), although one lapwing species differentiated reptiles from other predators. Responses varied greatly with predator species and lapwing reproductive state. The results suggest that lapwings discriminate the various kinds of predators and non-predators they encounter and that responses to each correspond to the type and degree of danger each represents. Discriminative abilities appear to be more sophisticated, and false alarms much less frequent, than in domestic fowl, a difference that may be related to the more open nature of the habitats used by lapwings. Lapwings induced appropriate anti-predatory behavior from their chicks through alarm vocalizations. Except for a distinct call given to reptiles by one species, alarm vocalizations appeared to form a graded series. Received 14 Nov. 1988, accepted 25 June 1989." @default.
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- W2149013500 title "ANTI-PREDATORY BEHAVIOR OF LAPWINGS: FIELD EVIDENCE OF DISCRIMINATIVE ABILITIES" @default.
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