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• W2149229982 abstract "Inter-individual variation in biological maturation is a common theme in research pediatric exercise sciences, in general, and also in research with young athletes. This is evident in the relative success of boys advanced in maturation in several sports, e.g., soccer, ice hockey, American football, among others, and of girls later in maturation in artistic gymnastics and figure skating, especially as level of competition increases [1-3]. There is also a need to control for variation in biological maturation in studies of the growth and performance characteristics of youth athletes. Biological maturation can be viewed from two perspectives, status and timing. The former refers to the state of maturation at the time (chronological age, CA) of observation, while the latter refers to the CA at which specific maturational landmarks are attained. The two most commonly used indicators of maturity status are Skeletal Age (SA) and stage of development of secondary sex characteristics. Two commonly used indicators of maturity timing are age at menarche and age at Peak Height Velocity (PHV); both, however, require longitudinal data to obtain estimates for individuals [4]. This commentary focuses on secondary sex characteristics - Breast (B) and Pubic Hair (PH) in girls and Genital (G) and PH in boys - as they are widely used, and at times misused, in studies of young athletes. Each characteristic is most often evaluated at clinical examination on a five stage scale using the criteria described by Tanner [5]; 1=no development, 2=initial appearance or development, … 5=mature state. Note, however, self-assessments using the criteria of Tanner are increasingly used as are several other modified scales of pubertal development. Given the sensitivity of evaluating pubertal status, the issue of the reproducibility of assessments and potential error has not received sufficient attention. Overt manifestation of Breast (B2) and Genital (G2) development marks the transition into puberty in girls and boys, respectively. Timing and sequence are variable among individuals; Pubic Hair (PH2) may precede B2 and G2 in some youth. Stages 3 and 4 reflect maturity progress on the path towards stage 5 (the mature state), and are more difficult to differentiate than stages 2 and 5. Testicular volume is an additional indicator of sexual maturation in boys but it requires direct palpation of the testes. Allowing for potential error in assessment, stages of puberty have" @default.
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• W2149229982 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2149229982 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2149229982 title "Pubertal Status: Assessment, Interpretation, Analysis" @default.
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• W2149229982 doi "https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000e134" @default.
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