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• W2149233072 abstract "For several years, at the Institute Guttmann Neurorehabilitation Hospital (Barcelona, Spain), we have been applying Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the management of Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. TDCS has been established as useful therapeutic option for patients with neuropathic pain [ [1] Fregni F. Boggio P.S. Lima M.C. et al. A sham-controlled, phase II trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of central pain in traumatic spinal cord injury. Pain. 2006; 122: 197-209 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (545) Google Scholar ]. Several recent studies demonstrate its efficacy, good tolerance and minimal side effects [ 2 Soler M.D. Kumru H. Pelayo R. et al. Effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation and visual illusion on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury. Brain. 2010; 33: 2565-2577 Crossref Scopus (213) Google Scholar , 3 Kumru H. Soler M.D. Vidal J. et al. The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation with visual illusion in neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury: an evoked potentials and quantitative thermal testing study. Eur J Pain. 2013; 17: 55-66 Crossref PubMed Scopus (59) Google Scholar ]. Our accumulated experience spans to having treated more than 100 patients, using always the same standardized protocols. Direct current is delivered with a battery-driven, constant current stimulator (NeuroConn, Ilmenau, Germany) and two surface sponge electrode pads (7 × 5 cm, 35 cm2) soaked with a saline solution (0.9% NaCl; 308 mosm/l). The anode is placed over C3 or C4 (EEG 10/20 system) aiming to target the motor cortex, and the cathode over the contralateral supraorbital area [ 4 Nitsche M.A. Paulus W. Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans. Neurology. 2001; 57: 1899-1901 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1868) Google Scholar , 5 Nitsche M.A. Liebetanz D. Lang N. Tergau F. Paulus W. Safety criteria for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in humans. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003; 114: 2220-2222 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (551) Google Scholar ]. The electrodes were fastened into position by using two rubber polyester headbands (70 cm × 3 cm). For patients with asymmetric pain, the anode is placed contralateral to the afflicted body part, while for patients with symmetric pain, the anode is placed over the dominant hemisphere. A constant current of 2 mA intensity is applied in daily sessions of 20 min (Current was ramped-up for 15 s until it reached 2 mA; and finally the device was turned-off with a ramp-down of 15 s) during a period of 2 weeks (from Monday to Friday; total of 10 treatment sessions). After each session and patient, the material was replaced and cleaned with soap and water." @default.
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• W2149233072 date "2014-09-01" @default.
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• W2149233072 title "Skin Lesions Induced by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)" @default.
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• W2149233072 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2014.06.005" @default.
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