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- W214937650 abstract "Stepped spillways have been used for some millenia. The steps act as macro-roughness elements, contributing to enhanced energy dissipation and significant aeration. With typical design flow conditions, the water skims down the stepped chute as one large coherent stream: i.e., a skimming flow regime. The upstream flow motion is non-aerated and the free-surface appears smooth and glossy up to the inception point of free-surface aeration. In the non-aerated flow region, a turbulent boundary layer develops until the outer edge of the boundary layer interacts with the free-surface and air entrainment takes place. In this study, new experiments were performed in the developing flow region on a large size stepped spillway model (1V:1H, h = 0.10 m). The flow properties in the developing flow region were documented in detail. Downstream of the broad-crested weir and upstream of the inception point, the free-surface was smooth, although some significant free-surface curvature was observed for all discharges. The inception point of free-surface aeration wasobserved when the boundary layer thickness reached 80% of the flow depth: /di ≈ 0.8. The location of the inception point of free-surface aeration and the flow depth at inception were comparable to previous laboratory and prototype results. In the developing boundary layer, the velocity distributions followed a 1/4.5th power law at step edges. Detailed velocity and pressure measurements showed some rapid flow redistribution between step edges and above step cavities. The application of the momentum integral equation indicated an average friction factor of 0.18, close to the observed air-water flow friction factor of 0.23, suggesting that the spatially-averaged dimensionless shear stress was comparable in the developing flow region and fully-aerated flow region." @default.
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- W214937650 date "2015-01-01" @default.
- W214937650 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W214937650 title "Hydraulics of the Developing Flow Region of Stepped Cascades: an Experimental Investigation" @default.
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