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- W2149688077 abstract "Experiment 1 directly tested a fundamental prediction of the equilibrium point hypothesis (EPH) of movement control, namely, equifinality. Subjects learned wrist flexion movements while a motor provided assistance in proportion to the instantaneous velocity. Subjects stopped short of the target on the trials where the magnitude of the assistance was randomly decreased, i.e., equifinality was not achieved. This is contrary to the EPH, although such effects are entirely consistent with predictions based on the formation of an internal dynamics model. In experiment 2 subjects performed 0.25 m horizontal reaches while exposed to a position-dependent parabolic field (PF), located in a region extending to 0.1 m from the start position. Following extensive learning of the PF, the field was randomly perturbed to 213 or 312 times the original strength for 5 trials, a total of 24 times. Mechanical channel trials were used to test for evidence of internal model formation. Internal model formation was evident as early as the second or third PF trial. Subjects produced lateral force to counteract the field, although it did not perfectly match the PF force, resulting in bowed trajectories. As learning progressed, we found significant decreases in the EMG in all 6 shoulder and elbow muscles once subjects had passed through the force field. We suggest subjects modified their internal model to more accurately compensate for the PF, such that the cocontraction could be reduced. Subjects quickly readjusted to the PF following each APF set, suggesting retention of the motor commands required in the PF. On the first APF trial of each set, subjects were displaced in the direction of the change in force. On the second trial, trajectories were substantially straighter, but the displacement was not reduced significantly more in the 3'd-5'h trials. Subjects adapted the internal model to more accurately compensate for higher strength APF, while simultaneously employing higher levels of cocontraction. In the lower strength APF results suggest a reduction in the level of cocontraction. We found no consolidation of learning between APF sets, i.e., performance in the APF did not improve as subjects were exposed to more sets." @default.
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- W2149688077 date "2003-01-01" @default.
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- W2149688077 title "ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF GOAL-ORIENTED HUMAN ARM MOVEMENT" @default.
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