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- W2150878868 abstract "During the dissection of seven Thoroughbred (Tb) and two Thoroughbred derivative (TbD) horses (9) displaying the congenital malformation of C6 and/or C6 and C7; variations in the gross morphology of the Longus colli muscle were noted. In the absence of the caudal ventral tubercle (CVT) on C6 only, the insertion of the medial and ventral layers and thoracic portion of the L. colli muscle attached to the cranial ventral tubercle (CrVT) on C6. However, on transposition of the CVT from C6 to the ventral surface of C7, the medial and ventral layers, a single deep bundle, and thoracic portion of the L. colli muscle attached to the CrVT on C6 and the transposed CVT on C7. In the unilateral malformation, this placed a distinct asymmetry in the paired left-to-right longitudinal presentation and cross-sectional samples of the L. colli muscle. In the bilateral malformation, the CrVTs were longitudinally malaligned and the L. colli replicated the unilateral presentation to a lesser extent. In this presentation, asymmetry was noted in entheses patterns and articular process joints, implying abnormal mechanical load, as was confirmed in the cross sections. As the L. colli muscle has specific cybernetic roles linked to posture and locomotion, these anatomic variations imply dysfunction. Premortem examinations confirmed eight of the nine horses exhibited proprioceptive and neurologic dysfunction (stillborn not included). This raises questions as to the equilibrium of affected horses and therefore the safety in handling and riding such horses, as was found in this study." @default.
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- W2150878868 date "2008-09-01" @default.
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- W2150878868 title "Observations, interactions, and measuring behaviors" @default.
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- W2150878868 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2008.08.002" @default.
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