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• W2151317500 abstract "Abstract This study expands upon the use of modified-Hall analysis to discern the characteristics of a high-permeability channel. Briefly, the modified-Hall plot uses three curves involving improved Hall-integral and the two derivatives, analytic and numeric. Ordinarily, the derivative curves overlay on the integral curve during matrix injection, but separates lower when fracturing occurs. This work presents a method to identify and characterize high-conductive layers or channels between injector and producer pairs with the modified-Hall analysis. The distance separating the integral and derivative curves provides the required information to quantify channel properties. A simple analytical solution is presented for transforming the separation distance into channel permeability-thickness product. The analytic derivative is based on the radial-flow-pattern assumption and the numeric derivative is correlated to the pressure response. Therefore, a comparison of these two curves reveals clues about the maturity of a waterflood at a given time. Several simulated examples verified the channel-property-estimation algorithm and identified the distinctive derivative signatures for channeling and fracturing situations. This methodology is also useful for identification of wormhole propagation during sand production in unconsolidated formations. Introduction The success of any waterflood depends largely upon the ability to bank oil for efficient sweep to occur, regardless of the mobility ratio. Presence of reservoir heterogeneity simply compounds the volumetric sweep issue. While heterogeneity can manifest in many forms, this study focuses on identifying and characterizing high-permeability streaks or high-conductive fractures providing the preferential flow path. Understanding the presence of such preferential flow conduits help manage a waterflood by pattern realignment, recompletion, among other measures to improve the volumetric sweep efficiency. Of course, the characterization of a thief zone can immensely aid any flow-simulation study attempting to explain premature breakthrough. Among the tools available for injection-well monitoring, the conventional Hall analysis (1963) is quite popular. Ordinarily, lack of its sensitivity has prompted others to offer improvements over the years. Some of the notable contributors include Buell et al. (1990), who suggested the use of both bottomhole injection pressure and reservoir pressure instead of the wellhead pressure alone, as used in the conventional Hall plot. Evaluation of the reservoir pressure from a slope-analysis method was offered by Silin et al. (2005a, 2005b). Ideally, the Hall method is suitable for either early injection period or during the post-breakthrough period, because the notion of single-reservoir pressure is entertained. More recently, Izgec and Kabir (2009) offered a new formulation of the Hall analysis. To that end, the development of an analytic derivative expression turns out to be much more discriminating for yielding the desired diagnostic clues. Ascertaining variable radial distance of the injection bank and pressure at the water/oil interface (pe) made the new formulation robust and suitable for prebreakthrough situations. That study also showed that pe practically becomes time invariant in postbreakthrough situation, suggesting applicability of the original Hall formulation. In this study we show that the Hall integral and its numerical derivative become parallel when a high-permeability conduit is intercepted, and their degree of separation is a measure of permeability-thickness product of the channel-dominated system. We also show that step-rate testing, ordinarily conducted to establish formation-parting pressure, can reveal clues about the contribution of additional layers owing to increased pressure. In fact, distinguishing fracturing from channeling is established by comparing and contrasting both the analytic and numeric derivatives when breakthrough occurs." @default.
• W2151317500 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2151317500 date "2009-10-04" @default.
• W2151317500 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2151317500 title "Identification and Characterization of High-Conductive Layers in Waterfloods" @default.
• W2151317500 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/123930-ms" @default.
• W2151317500 hasPublicationYear "2009" @default.
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