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• W2152143203 endingPage "407" @default.
• W2152143203 startingPage "339" @default.
• W2152143203 abstract "Double layers (DLs) are defined as discontinuities in the plasma potential and are related to regions of plasma without space charge neutrality. In this review the knowledge of double layers in laser-produced plasmas is summarized. It has been shown that DLs are generated in the coronal or outer region of the laser-plasma system. The space charges there were detected experimentally. The simultaneous existence of “hot” electrons and “cold” electrons may induce rarefaction shock waves with discontinuities in the plasma potential. There have been indirect measurements of this phenomenon in the expanding corona of laser-heated plasmas when the ratio of the electron temperatures exceeds an order of magnitude. The energy transport and the laser absorption processes are strongly related to the density, temperature and potential structure at the critical density. Experiments and simulations show steep profile jumps at the critical surface with regions of nearly uniform profiles above and below the jump. These steep profiles are intimately related to the existence of double layers at the critical surface. Poisson's equation implies a self-consistent electric field even for neutral plasmas; this neutrality condition limits the possible DL solutions and, in particular, the discontinuities in the plasma potential cannot be treated properly with the assumption of charge neutrality. Therefore, we report on discussions of generalized analytical models and numerical hydrodynamic simulations for electrons and ions coupled by the Poissin equation, so that the space charge quasi-neutrality is no longer assumed. This is a further example of how a generalization of plasma theory was enforced by the problems of laser interaction. The fast electrons generated by the laser field in the plasma create electric fields by charge separation which accelerate positive ions. Fast electron and ion generation is a characteristic effect observed in plasmas produced by high irradiance lasers. The possibility of two-temperature electron distributions, the generation of cavitons and of fast ions and the development of DLs in laser-produced plasma seem to be correlated phenomena. Further results on second harmonics generation resonances, the unexpected phenomenon of surface tension of plasmas with stabilizing forces, and pseudo-Langmuir waves were derived from the DL studies." @default.
• W2152143203 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2152143203 date "1989-01-01" @default.
• W2152143203 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2152143203 title "Double layers in laser-produced plasmas" @default.
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