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• W2152204484 abstract "Syntopic larvae of Rana berlandieri and Rana sphenocephala, both of the Rana pipiens complex, were analyzed for morphological differentiation using multivariate techniques. Field-collected and laboratory-reared larvae of both species were compared for 12 morphometric characters. R. berlandieri larvae differ from R. sphenocephala larvae in having a more fusiform body shape, greater tail musculature development, a longer tail, relatively narrow dorsal and ventral tail fins, a shorter gastrointestinal tract length, fewer oral papillae on the lower labium, and a smaller ratio of interocular distance/ internareal distance. The number of oral papillae, however, is phenotypically plastic and probably varies with diet or mode of feeding. Pigmentation differences include tail blotching in R. berlandieri vs relatively uniform melanophore distribution in the tail fin of R. sphenocephala. Most of the morphological differentiation can be explained on the basis of larval habitat and dietary differences between these two species. R. berlandieri larvae are stream-adapted and probably more benthivorous than are the pond-adapted, planktivorous R. sphenocephala larvae. HE obscure morphological differentiation of adults among the various species of the Rana pipiens complex once resulted in taxonomic instability within this group (Pace, 1974). Only recently have most of the United States species of the R. pipiens complex been adequately defined; most of the Central American species are yet to be described or allocated to a specific taxon. Tadpoles of even the bestknown species within this group often cannot be identified with published information (Wassersug, 1976), which has led to further taxonomic confusion (Tucker, 1976). To date, the only leopard frog larvae that have been characterized morphologically in the literature are R. blairi and R. pipiens (Korky, 1978). Hillis (1981) reported breeding habitat distinctions between Rana berlandieri and Rana sphenocephala (=R. utricularia sensu Pace, 1974) in central Texas. R. berlandieri naturally breeds primarily in streams, whereas R. sphenocephala typically breeds in non-flowing water. Therefore, the larvae of these two species should show differential morphological adaptations to their respective habitats. In areas where syntopic breeding does occur, R. berlandieri usually breeds in the fall or early winter and R. sphenocephala breeds in late winter or early spring. Because of temporal differences of food-type availability in the larval habitat there may be differences in the diets of the larvae of these two species; these differences could be reflected in the morphological structures associated with feeding in the two species. This study was undertaken to find a means of distinguishing the larvae of R. berlandieri from the larvae of R. sphenocephala and to test the above predictions regarding adaptation to habitat and diet in these two species." @default.
• W2152204484 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2152204484 date "1982-02-23" @default.
• W2152204484 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2152204484 title "Morphological Differentiation and Adaptation of the Larvae of Rana berlandieri and Rana sphenocephala (Rana pipiens Complex) in Sympatry" @default.
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• W2152204484 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/1444281" @default.
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