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• W2152767145 abstract "Penetanguishene Mental Health Centre A selectionist theory states that violence by males toward male peers originally served specific functions and violence to female peers served others. Differences in self-reported victimization and perpetration in studies of 1,452 high school students were hypothesized. In Study 1, male-to-male aggression was reported to be more prevalent than male-to-female aggression. For male-to-male aggression, perpetrator reports agreed with or exceeded victim reports, and victims were more often strangers than close friends. In contrast, for male-to-female aggression, there were consistently fewer reports from perpetrators than from victims, and victims were less often strangers than girlfriends. Study 2 obtained similar findings for reported frequency, number of victims and perpetrators, and sexual aggression. Study 3 showed that girls' aggression contrasted with that by boys with respect to intra- versus intersex aggression and perpetrator- victim agreement. Considerable scholarly and public interest has recently ad- dressed how and why members of one sex commit aggressive and violent acts toward members of the other. Controversy surrounds the rates and interpretations of marital and dating violence in particular (e.g., Capaldi & Crosby, 1997; Dobash, Dobash, Wilson, & Daly, 1992; Dutton, 1994; Gelles & Loseke, 1993). Differing definitions of acts of violence, seriousness of violence, and per- ceptions of violence, as well as deliberate underreporting or fab- rication, have all been suggested as possible sources of bias in self-reports (Hilton, Harris, & Rice, 1998). Although some imperfections in self-reports are unrelated to aggression itself, such as general fading of memory, many inac- curacies could be due to biases actually related to the phenomenon of interest. For example, Widom and Morris (1997) found sex differences in recall of known sexual abuse. A recent meta- analysis of self-reported rates of relationship violence (Archer, 1999) indicated perpetration was relatively underreported, partic- ularly in noncouples studies, which were larger and more numer- ous than couples studies. Research has shown that social desir- ability is more strongly associated with perpetrator reports than with victim reports (Sugarman & Hotaling, 1997). In any case, a full explanation of the self-reports of interpersonal violence re- N. Zoe Hilton, Grant T. Harris, and Marnie E. Rice, Research Depart- ment, Mental Health Centre, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada. This work was supported by Ontario Ministry of Health Grant SD-CE- 93183 and the Ontario Mental Health Foundation, but the opinions ex- pressed in this report are those of the authors. Thanks are due to the participant students; Catherine Cormier, Terry Chaplin, Dehra Dusome, Carol Lang, Sandy Lavigne, Eldon Leonard, Caroline Megaw, and John Younger for help in collecting the data; the Simcoe County Board of Education and participating schools for permis- sion to conduct the studies; and Sonja Dey for typing the manuscript. M. Lalumi~re and V. L. Quinsey provided helpful comments on earlier ver- sions of this article. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to N. Zoe Hilton, Research Department, Mental Health Centre, 500 Church Street, Penetanguishene, Ontario L9M 1G3, Canada. 988 quires statements about actual events and how reports of those events might be biased. Male Aggression as an Adaptation Marital and dating violence might best be understood in the context of violence in other relationships (Bj6rkqvist, Osterman, & Lagerspetz, 1994; Dobash et a1., 1992). In this article we explore a selectionist account of peer aggression by male teenagers and their reports of that aggression. Cogent selectionist accounts inter- and intrasex aggression have already been articulated (e.g., Campbell, 1999; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Smuts, 1995; M. Wilson & Daly, 1993). These describe how current psychological and be- havioral traits were correlated with reproduction in ancestral en- vironments. A central tenet is that the two sexes inevitably make different minimum parental investments, and the high-investing sex is a resource for which the other competes. In line with their higher parental investment, female reproductive strategies theoret- ically focus more on quality than quantity (compared with male strategies). Among humans, for example, women are said to be more selective choosing sexual relations and partners. Such choosiness, in theory, exerted selection pressure on men, leading to more intense intersex competition and riskier mating strategies. Men do make very large patemal investments compared with the male of other mammals (Daly & Witson, 1988), theoretically because such behavior is selected for by women. When males invest in offspring, there is said to be selection pressure to ensure that those offspring were not fathered by another, because indis- criminate investors would have been less reproductively successful than those who invested nepotistically. Males from investing species would therefore be expected to exhibit behaviors associ- ated with ensuring female sexual fidelity. Traits associated with past reproductive success should theoret- ically be evident in present behavior, regardless of current adap- tiveness. For example, women in many different cultures tend to report they would select high-status mates (Buss, 1994), and having a reputation for dominance by being willing and able to use aggression is, in theory, one way men can achieve status (although the aggression itself is not necessarily attractive). Male-to-male" @default.
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• W2152767145 title "The functions of aggression by male teenagers." @default.
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