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- W2153088655 abstract "A comprehensive bulk and surface investigation of high-quality In${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$(001) single crystals is reported. The transparent-yellow, cube-shaped single crystals were grown using the flux method. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) reveals small residues of Pb, Mg, and Pt in the crystals. Four-point-probe measurements show a resistivity of 2.0 ifmmodepmelsetextpmfi{} 0.5 ifmmodetimeselsetexttimesfi{} 10${}^{5}phantom{rule{0.28em}{0ex}}ensuremath{Omega}$ cm, which translates into a carrier concentration of ensuremath{approx}10${}^{12}$ cm${}^{ensuremath{-}3}$. The results from x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revise the lattice constant to 10.1150(5) AA{} from the previously accepted value of 10.117 AA{}. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of a reduced (sputtered/annealed) and oxidized (exposure to atomic oxygen at 300 ifmmode^circelsetextdegreefi{}C) surface show a step height of 5 AA{}, which indicates a preference for one type of surface termination. The surfaces stay flat without any evidence for macroscopic faceting under any of these preparation conditions. A combination of low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) and atomically resolved STM indicates an indium-terminated surface with small islands of 2.5 AA{} height under reducing conditions, with a surface structure corresponding to a strongly distorted indium lattice. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) reveals a pronounced surface state at the Fermi level (${E}_{mathrm{F}}$). Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) shows additional, deep-lying band gap states, which can be removed by exposure of the surface to atomic oxygen. Oxidation also results in a shoulder at the O 1s core level at a higher binding energy, possibly indicative of a surface peroxide species. A downward band bending of 0.4 eV is observed for the reduced surface, while the band bending of the oxidized surface is of the order of 0.1 eV or less." @default.
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- W2153088655 date "2012-03-28" @default.
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- W2153088655 title "Bulk and surface characterization of In<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML display=inline><mml:msub><mml:mrow /><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML display=inline><mml:msub><mml:mrow /><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>(001) single crystals" @default.
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- W2153088655 doi "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.85.115441" @default.
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