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• W215339632 abstract "It's like you shrink a cat and keep shrinking it, and then at some point, all at once, it turns into a dog. (1) I. INTRODUCTION How about a glass of wine?--Any particular flavor?--Would you like add nutrients it?--What color of wine do you want? This is not a dialog from a sci-fi book, but a likely reality of a notso-distant future. Scientists at Kraft Foods have developed a colorless, tasteless that allows consumers design their own drink after purchasing it, depending on their desires at the moment. (2) The liquid includes nanocapsules two thousand times thinner than a strand of human hair that contain the necessary chemicals produce any drink the customer wants. (3) A specific microwave wavelength will activate the nanocapsules containing the chemicals needed produce the requested drink, while those remaining inactive will pass through the body unnoticed. (4) An electronic tongue comprising an array of nanosensors and serving as an indicator of chemical changes could help release controlled amounts of the suitable molecules tailor the smell, taste and goodness of the product for the individual consumer. (5) A. Nanotechnology Development and Definitions Nanotechnology is currently understood as a branch of science dealing with materials at the length scale from hundred nanometers. (6) One nanometer equals billionth of a meter; a strand of human hair roughly equals 100,000 nanometers wide. (7) Nanotechnology traces its origins a lecture titled There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, presented by the Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard P. Feynman at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society in December 1959. (8) In this lecture, Feynman introduced the idea that materials can be manipulated on a small scale for storing large amounts of information, which creates small computing devices; ultimately, these devices could allow the synthesizing of any chemical substance or the building of any device by arranging atoms by one at the atomic level. (9) These ideas started migrate from science fiction reality almost thirty years later. Indeed, the real development of nanotechnology started less than ten years ago, and the field has been growing exponentially since that time. In 2006, sales of products using nanotechnology reached almost $1 billion, jumping from $150 million in 2002. (10) Some projections (made before the current economic downturn) suggest that the market for nanotechnology-enabled products will reach $1 trillion by 2015. (11) Global research and development spending on the field was $9.6 billion in 2005, up ten percent from 2004. (12) With all of this activity, would think that people should at least know how define the field in which they are working. However, no universally accepted definition of nanotechnology exists. The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) (13) provides a working definition of nanotechnology. (14) Twenty-five federal agencies currently participating in the NNI, including the EPA, the FDA, and the USDA, (15) took part in developing this definition. The 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (16) adopted in 2003 includes a different definition. (17) It is interesting note that in the last definition, the exact size range for nanomaterials is not established, thus possibly allowing particles over 100 nanometers qualify as nanomaterials. (18) The ASTM adopted the first formal industry for nanotechnology definitions in 2006, (19) which provides a baseline for industry professionals and does limit the size of nanoparticles. (20) However, the ASTM expressly reserves the right to continually reassess the terms and definitions contained in this standard as necessary. (21) Some regulatory agencies have their own definitions; (22) other agencies expressly refuse adopt a formal definition. (23) Despite the absence of a uniformly accepted definition, the market is growing at an astonishing rate. …" @default.
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• W215339632 date "2009-06-22" @default.
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• W215339632 title "Food Nanotechnology - in Search of a Regulatory Framework" @default.
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