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• W2153776783 abstract "Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Letters to the EditorFull Accessd -Cycloserine Augmentation for Behavioral TherapySEONG S. SHIM M.D, Ph.DMICHAEL D. HAMMONDS Ph.D.MATTHEW M. VRABEL M.D.,SEONG S. SHIM M.D, Ph.DSearch for more papers by this authorMICHAEL D. HAMMONDS Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorMATTHEW M. VRABEL M.D.Search for more papers by this author,Published Online:1 Aug 2008https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030455AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail To the Editor: In the March 2008 issue of the Journal , Sabine Wilhelm, Ph.D., et al. (1) reported that d -cycloserine augmentation enhanced the efficacy of behavioral therapy for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). d -Cycloserine is a partial agonist of the glycine site at the N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor. Occupation of the glycine site at the NMDA receptor is required in order for NMDA agonists to fully activate the receptor. Since the NMDA receptor is crucial in the domains of learning and memory, the Wilhelm et al. study sought to enhance the learning that occurs during behavioral therapy sessions by potentiating the NMDA receptor via stimulation of the glycine site using d -cycloserine. d -Cycloserine is effective in stimulating the glycine site only within the narrow range of low doses (50–125 mg daily [1, 2]), acting as a partial glycine agonist. At higher doses, d -cycloserine does not show efficacy (3) and can exacerbate schizophrenia symptoms (4) , since d -cycloserine blocks full activation of the glycine site at these doses, acting as a full glycine antagonist. In contrast, full agonists such as glycine and d -serine stimulate the glycine site more potently and improve learning and memory more effectively within the high-dose range, as shown in their efficacy in the treatment of cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia (4) . Thus, full glycine agonists are likely to be more effective and safer relative to d -cycloserine in augmenting behavioral therapy for the treatment of OCD. Dr. Wilhelm et al. stated that the efficacy of d -cycloserine augmentation of behavioral therapy was more powerful early in the treatment of OCD, and this efficacy was decreased with prolonged treatment. The authors generalized this conclusion to d -cycloserine augmentation trials in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia patients, stating that long-term use of d -cycloserine “has yielded generally disappointing results” ( 1 , pp. 338–339). However, in these trials, the lack of efficacy of d -cycloserine augmentation was likely to have been associated with the nature of d -cycloserine as a partial glycine agonist (4) . Additionally, these trials concluded that glycine agonists began to show efficacy 2 weeks from the time of drug treatment, and their efficacy was measured biweekly for 6- to 12-week trials (4) . This time frame is clearly different from the time period for d -cycloserine augmentation in the treatment of OCD, in which the efficacy of d -cycloserine was measured per an hourly basis. This discrepancy indicates that neuronal mechanisms underlying d -cycloserine augmentation of behavioral therapy for OCD and the augmentation of antipsychotic drugs with glycine agonists for treating schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease may be different. Cleveland, OhioThe authors report no competing interests.This letter (doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030455) was accepted for publication in April 2008.References1. Wilhelm S, Buhlmann U, Tolin DF, Meunier SA, Pearlson GD, Reese HE, Cannistraro P, Jenike MA, Rauch SL: Augmentation of behavioral therapy with d -cycloserine for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165:335–341 Google Scholar2. Kushner MG, Kim SW, Donahue C, Thuras P, Adson D, Kotlya M, McCabe J, Peterson J, Foa EB: d -Cycloserine augmented exposure therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62:835–838 Google Scholar3. Storch EA, Merlo LJ, Bengtson M, Murphy TK, Lewis MH, Yang MC, Jacob ML, Larson M, Hirsh A, Fernandez M, Geffken GR, Goodman WK: d -Cycloserine does not enhance exposure-response prevention therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2007; 22:230–237 Google Scholar4. Shim SS, Hammonds MD, Kee BS: Potentiation of the NMDA receptor in the treatment of schizophrenia: focused on the glycine site. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 258:16–27Google Scholar FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByJournal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 129, No. 1-3Treatment of anxiety: current status and controversial issues Volume 165Issue 8 August, 2008Pages 1050-1050THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY August 2008 Volume 165 Number 8 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 August 2008 Published in print 1 August 2008" @default.
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