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• W215399512 abstract "preview EGF 2008 1 CHANGES IN FEED QUALITY OF DIFFERENT FORAGE LEGUMES DURING AUTUMN GROWTH Gierus M. , Kleen J. 1 and Taube F. 1 1 Christian Albrechts University, Grass and Forage Science / Organic Agriculture, Kiel, Germany mgierus@email.uni-kiel.de In autumn growth forage legumes dominate, resulting in high contents of crude protein (CP) in the sward. The aim of the present study was to determine the variation in feed quality of white clover, red clover, kura clover, alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil harvested on three different dates (approx. 22, 46 and 60 days of regrowth after 5 August) in three years. Swards were established each year as binary swards with perennial ryegrass. CP, CP fractionation, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and energy contents were measured and energy content estimated. Results show a significant species*year*sampling date interaction for the analyzed forage quality parameters. Highest CP values were achieved by white clover, alfalfa and red clover with 30% in the early cut. Highest content of fraction A (non-protein N) was found on this sampling date as well, decreasing in the later harvests. Red clover had the lowest contents of fraction A and together with birdsfoot trefoil the highest contents of fraction C (in ADFresidue bound N = acid detergent insoluble N). Considering N use efficiency in ruminant nutrition, red clover and birdsfoot trefoil seem to have positive effects compared to other forage legumes on effective N use. Introduction In Northwest Europe, white clover plays an important role in grassland systems. Forage legume based swards usually have a high proportion of legumes in autumn. Crude protein content in such swards is proportional to the legume content in the harvestable biomass. This protein may be poorly used by ruminants as it contains large amounts of non-protein N, which leads to low N use efficiency by the animals (Beever et al., 1986). However, differences in legumes in terms of content of secondary plant compounds may be advantageous to avoid excessive N losses in production systems. Secondary compounds of relevance for improved N utilization in animal are the condensed tannins found in birdsfoot trefoil and the polyphenol oxidase found in red clover. The aim of the present study was to measure the variation in forage quality of different forage legumes in the autumn regrowth to find proper harvest management taking into consideration forage legume species and their protein quality. Materials and methods Binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass and white clover, red clover, alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil or kura clover were established yearly in the autumn and sampling for this experiment were performed in the first production year of three consecutive years. In spring, plots were treated equally with a late first cut end of June. An uniformly cut were performed in the beginning of August of each year and samples were collected at approx. 22, 46 and 60 days afterwards, cutting at 5 cm height. The legume proportion was determined on dry matter basis by separating legume, grass and weeds. The quality analyses were performed on the legume component only. For each legume species, CP, NDF, ADF, NEL and CP fractionation (Licitra et al., 1996) were determined. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared to white clover using Student’s T-test. Probabilities were adjusted using the Bonferroni-Holm test. Abstract preview EGF 2008preview EGF 2008 2 Results and discussion The botanical composition of the sward in the autumn growth showed a high proportion of legumes in the mixtures. The legume content declined with sampling date, but never fell below 40% (on DM basis). The highest proportion was observed for red clover and alfalfa, with values ranging between 60 and 70%. For the forage quality measurements, the analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of the interaction species*year*sampling date. For CP, white clover and alfalfa showed the Abstract preview EGF 2008preview EGF 2008 3 highest values, ranging between 20 – 29% for white clover and between 24 – 30% for alfalfa, confirming earlier observations (Stockdale, 1999). For all legume species, year effect showed in general similar values for 2003 and 2004, but higher values for 2005. The determination of cell wall components showed a large dependence of the year. In 2003 lower contents of NDF and ADF were in general observed and higher in 2004 and 2005. Although in general low, white clover and kura clover had in general the lowest contents of cell wall components. The ADF contents ranged between 17 – 26% for white clover between 18 – 24% for kura clover. The NDF content varied between 32 – 45% for white clover and 34 – 43% for kura clover. Although the interaction was significant, the NEL contents in all species were above 6 MJ/kg DM. As shown in figure 1, the fraction A was strongly dependent of the year effect. During autumn regrowth the course of fraction A development did not show a clear trend for all legume species. Whereas alfalfa showed a curvilinear progress, other legumes species were decreasing or were invariable in the fraction A content. Red clover and birdsfoot trefoil showed in general the lowest fraction A contents. White clover and alfalfa had fraction A contents in 2004 and 2005 above 300 g CP/kg CP. The content of fraction C in forage legumes varied markedly between species and years. Red clover and birdsfoot trefoil showed in general the highest contents. White clover and kura clover had contents of fraction C sometimes below 100 g CP/kg CP. Conclusions The quality of legumes growing in autumn is largely dependent of the year, species and development stage (in this order). Red clover and birdsfoot trefoil showed to have more beneficial forage quality related to their crude protein fractionation, and higher N use efficiency may be expected with these forage legume species in ruminant nutrition. Alternatives to white clover are present considering the protein quality. However suitability of each species for the defoliation systems of choice in autumn, like grazing or silage making, may be restricted by the low persistence of individual legume species." @default.
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• W215399512 date "2008-01-01" @default.
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• W215399512 title "Changes in feed quality of different forage legumes during autumn growth." @default.
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