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• W2154200523 abstract "Abstract: The successful invasion of exotic plants is often attributed to the absence of coevolved enemies in the introduced range (i.e., the enemy release hypothesis). Nevertheless, several components of this hypothesis, including the role of generalist herbivores, remain relatively unexplored. We used repeated censuses of exclosures and paired controls to investigate the role of a generalist herbivore, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), in the invasion of 3 exotic plant species (Microstegium vimineum, Alliaria petiolata, and Berberis thunbergii) in eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests in New Jersey and Pennsylvania (U.S.A.). This work was conducted in 10 eastern hemlock (T. canadensis) forests that spanned gradients in deer density and in the severity of canopy disturbance caused by an introduced insect pest, the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). We used maximum likelihood estimation and information theoretics to quantify the strength of evidence for alternative models of the influence of deer density and its interaction with the severity of canopy disturbance on exotic plant abundance. Our results were consistent with the enemy release hypothesis in that exotic plants gained a competitive advantage in the presence of generalist herbivores in the introduced range. The abundance of all 3 exotic plants increased significantly more in the control plots than in the paired exclosures. For all species, the inclusion of canopy disturbance parameters resulted in models with substantially greater support than the deer density only models. Our results suggest that white-tailed deer herbivory can accelerate the invasion of exotic plants and that canopy disturbance can interact with herbivory to magnify the impact. In addition, our results provide compelling evidence of nonlinear relationships between deer density and the impact of herbivory on exotic species abundance. These findings highlight the important role of herbivore density in determining impacts on plant abundance and provide evidence of the operation of multiple mechanisms in exotic plant invasion. Resumen: La invasión exitosa de plantas exóticas a menudo es atribuida a la ausencia de enemigos coevolucionados en el área de introducción (i.e., la hipótesis de liberación de enemigo). Sin embargo, varios componentes de esta hipótesis, incluyendo el papel de los herbívoros generalistas, permanecen relativamente inexplorados. Utilizamos censos repetidos de exclusiones y controles pareados para investigar el papel de un herbívoro generalista, el venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus), en la invasión de tres especies de plantas exóticas (Microstegium vimineum, Alliaria petiolata y Berberis thunbergii) en bosques de abeto (Tsuga canadensis) en Nueva Jersey y Pennsylvania (E.U.A.). Este trabajo se realizó en 10 bosques de abeto (T. canadensis) con gradientes de densidad de venado y de severidad de perturbación del dosel provocada por una especie introducida de insecto parásito (Adelges tsugae). Utilizamos la estimación de la máxima probabilidad y teoría de la información para cuantificar el poder de la evidencia para tres modelos alternativos de la influencia de la densidad de venados y su interacción con la severidad de la perturbación del dosel sobre la abundancia de plantas exóticas. Nuestros resultados fueron consistentes con la hipótesis de la liberación de enemigo ya que las plantas exóticas ganaron una ventaja competitiva en la presencia de herbívoros generalistas en el área. La abundancia de las tres especies de plantas exóticas incrementó significativamente en las parcelas control que en las exclusiones pareadas. Para todas las especies, la inclusión de parámetros de perturbación del dosel resultó en modelos sustancialmente con mayor soporte que los modelos exclusivamente de densidad de venados. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la herbivoría de venado cola blanca puede acelerar la invasión de plantas exóticas y que la perturbación del dosel puede interactuar con la herbivoría para magnificar el impacto. Adicionalmente, nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencia convincente de las relaciones no lineales entre la densidad de venados y el impacto de la herbivoría sobre la abundancia de especies exóticas. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia del papel de la densidad de herbívoros en la determinación de impactos sobre la abundancia de plantas y proporcionan evidencia de la operación de múltiples mecanismos en la invasión de plantas exóticas. Methodological details for measuring the hemlockdecline gradient and estimating deer densities (Appendix S1) and a summary of model forms are available as part of the on-line article (Appendix S2). The author is responsible for the content and functionality of these materials. Queries (other than absence of the material) should be directed to the corresponding author. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article." @default.
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• W2154200523 date "2009-04-01" @default.
• W2154200523 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2154200523 title "Acceleration of Exotic Plant Invasion in a Forested Ecosystem by a Generalist Herbivore" @default.
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• W2154200523 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01122.x" @default.
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