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• W2154725765 abstract "Rodent bioassays normally consist of 1 or 2 control groups and usually 3 treatment groups using ascending dose levels of a test substance in both sexes of a specific strain of laboratory rodent. At termination, the tumour incidences recorded in animals from the treatment groups are compared to those in the study control groups. The biologically and statistically significant differences in the incidences are considered treatment-related. The incidences of several tumour types are known to be strain- and sex-specific (Tables I and 11). Examples can be seen in Fischer rats, with high incidences of Leydig cell tumours and leukaemia, and in SpragueDawley rats, with a high incidence of pituitary tumours. It is well known that 2 control groups within the same study can occasionally show statistically significant differences, stressing the importance of knowing the range of incidence rather than just percentages. However, caution is required prior to its use because “the range” is often dependent on the sample size and could sometimes be misleading. Bioassays sometimes reveal greater incidence of a tumour type in 1 or more treated groups in comparison to a study control, while the overall incidence remains low. When lower than expected incidence rates fall in control groups, the use of historical control data is often suggested. Care must be taken to ascertain that “like” is compared to “like.” The various factors that could influence the incidence of spontaneous tumours in laboratory rodents are discussed in this article. Several authors have reviewed these factors (1-3, 5, 10, 13). The term “spontaneous” has been used here to denote lesions occurring in animals treated with no known test substances but possibly exposed to a number of external environmental factors. It is also known that several of the tumour types are influenced by these factors. Table I11 summarizes the main factors that influence the tumour incidence in untreated rodents." @default.
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• W2154725765 date "1994-03-01" @default.
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• W2154725765 title "Spontaneous Tumour Rates: Their Use to Support Rodent Bioassays" @default.
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• W2154725765 doi "https://doi.org/10.1177/019262339402200209" @default.
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