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• W2155126039 abstract "Effects of uptake into blood plasma of NO 2 - , NO3 - , and Br - from 1 mM ambient concentrations were studied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Nitrite and bromide were concentrated in plasma, competing for the branchial chloride uptake mechanism. Nitrate appeared to be taken up passively, with plasma concentrations remaining below ambient (NO 3 - ) after 8 days exposure. This limited uptake appeared central to the low toxicity of NO 3 - , and did not measurably influence electrolyte balance or haematology. Plasma (Br - ) increased to 51 mM during 14 days, which was paralleled by a 1:1 stoichiometrical decrease in plasma (Cl - ). This was the only detected effect of Br - exposure and was tolerated without mortality. Nitrite-exposed trout fell into two distinct groups. Trout dying before 2 days of NO 2 - exposure quickly developed methaemoglobinaemia; high plasma (NO2 - ), (lactate), and (K + ); and low (Cl - ). In trout surviving up to 4 days, plasma (NO 2 - ) and methaemoglobin rose more slowly, plasma (Cl - ) decreased less, and extracellular lactate and potassium levels were not significantly elevated. In both groups, plasma (NO 3 - ) rose to values comparable with plasma (NO 2 - ) (about 3 mM), reflecting an internal conversion of nitrite to nitrate. Nitrite-exposure significantly decreased skeletal muscle (K + ), whereas no significant changes were observed in cardiac muscle. Resume : Nous avons etudie chez la truite arc-en-ciel ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) les effets que produit l'entree dans le plasma sanguin du NO2 - du NO3 - et du Br - a partir de concentrations ambiantes de 1 mM. Le nitrite et le brome se concentrent dans le plasma et concurrencent le chlore pour accaparer le mecanisme d'absorption du chlore au niveau des branchies. Le nitrate parait etre absorbe passivement, sa concentration plasmatique demeurant inferieure a la concentration ambiante au bout de 8 jours d'exposition. Son absorption limitee pourrait expliquer la faible toxicite du NO 3 - ; en outre, elle n'a pas modifie l'equilibre electrolytique ou hematologique des sujets d'experience. La (Br - ) plasmatique s'est elevee jusqu'a atteindre 51 mM au bout de 14 jours; a l'inverse, la (Cl - ) plasmatique s'est abaissee dans un rapport stoechiometrique de 1 a 1. C'est le seul effet detecte de l'exposition au Br - , et il a ete tolere sans mortalite. Les truites exposees au nitrite se divisaient en deux groupes. Celles qui mouraient avant 2 jours d'exposition au NO 2 - etaient vite atteintes de methemoglobinemie; en outre, la (NO 2 - ), la (lactate) et la (K + ) etaient elevees tandis que la (Cl - ) etait basse. Chez les truites qui survivaient jusqu'a quatre jours, la (NO 2 - ) plasmatique et le taux de methemoglobine s'elevaient plus lentement, la (Cl - ) plasmatique s'abaissait moins et les taux de potassium et de lactate extracellulaire ne s'etaient pas accrus de maniere importante. Dans les deux groupes, la (NO 3 - ) plasmatique s'est elevee jusqu'a des valeurs comparables a celles du (NO 2 - ) plasmatique (environ 3 mM); cela temoigne d'une conversion du nitrite en nitrate dans l'organisme. L'exposition au nitrite provoque un abaissement considerable de la (K + ) dans les muscles stries, mais aucun effet marque n'a ete observe sur le muscle cardiaque. (Traduit par la Redaction)" @default.
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• W2155126039 date "1996-01-01" @default.
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• W2155126039 title "Uptake of nitrite, nitrate, and bromide in rainbow trout, (<I>Oncorhynchus mykiss</I>): effects on ionic balance" @default.
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