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• W215544892 abstract "Jill Rappoport, Giving Women. Alliance and Exchange in Victorian Culture. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp.viii + 260. Hardback £40.00, isbn 978-0-19-977260-5.In a book that spans the nineteenth century, it is good to see a whole chapter devoted to Elizabeth Gaskell. Here, the focus is on Cranford - which continues to garner not just popular interest, but also increasing critical attention in Victorian studies. Rappoport offers an impressive amount of primary research in her book, divided into two parts, each of three chapters, conducted through the interpretive prism of 'gifttheory'. Rappoport's central thesis explores how, during the Victorian period, when most women lacked property rights and professional opportunities, gifttransactions allowed them to enter into multiple kinds of domesticated economic systems that mirrored the complex negotiations of external market conditions - those selfsame systems that so frequently excluded or exploited them.These gifteconomies, Rappoport argues, created sisterhoods of feeling based on altruism, sacrifice and charity, but also importantly acted as potential sites of radical social reform and public activism. The first chapter focuses on the publishing success of luxury literary annuals - popular Christmas presents, especially between women, that peaked in the 1830s. Rappoport illustrates the range of women's benevolence shown in these giftbooks, focusing particularly on stories about women 'giving' both their support to abolition, and freedom to slaves. She offers this depiction of 'giftpractices' in 'semi-closed circuits of balanced, sisterly exchange' as the foundation upon which writers in ensuing decades would 'establish, sustain, and eventually mobilize larger networks of giving women' (p.4).The next three chapters examine well-known works by well-known writers, in terms of their depiction of 'giftpractices', and draws on an impressive range of secondary sources. Thus, in chapter two, Jane Eyre and Aurora Leigh are analysed for the heroines' disposal of legacies in terms of 'Fictions of Reciprocity', those interdependent relations which sustain others as much as the protagonists themselves. Both texts are often traditionally read as narrative acts of individual identity formation, but as Rappoport suggests, these works also bear strongly on the problems of female legatees who want to share their financial good fortune with others. The suggestive discussion here, which looks at the solutions they find in terms of gifttransactions, draws on research dealing with British inheritance laws.Chapter three, 'Conservation in Cranford', is constructed in two parts: the first explores mid-Victorian scientific ideas of energy conservation, deployed creatively to embed a discussion, in the second part, of the way that sympathy is conserved in the novel through the diffusion of personal secrets. I will deal in a little more detail with these stimulating ideas later. Chapter four reads the giving and sacrifice of mid-Victorian Anglican sisterhoods alongside Christina Rossetti's Goblin Market. Rappoport argues that the economic structures of unpaid sisterhoods are re-inscribed in dealings with the goblins by Lizzie, the financially savvy sister, on behalf of her unworldly and apparently 'fallen' sibling, Laura. …" @default.
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