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• W2156113857 abstract "Nowadays, the market offers advanced highstrength steels (AHSS) with improved combinations of strength and ductility with respect to conventional steels (Figure 1). Most of the AHSS are based on multiphase microstructures. Thus, for example, dual phase (DP) steels have microstructures containing martensite and ferrite. Further developments led to the design of steels containing more complex microstructures, for instance consisting of combinations of ferrite, bainite, martensite, and retained austenite. The interest in having retained austenite in the microstructure is due to the ability of this metastable phase to transform into martensite during the application of mechanical loading, which significantly contributes to the strengthening of the material. This phenomenon is called the transformationinduced plasticity (TRIP) effect, and steels having such multiphase microstructures are named TRIP steels. Martensitic (MART in Figure 1) steels are based on fully martensitic microstructures, leading to high levels of strength, but these materials perform poorly on elongation. New applications in the automotive and energy sectors are demanding steels with improved combinations of mechanical properties. These demands defined a new research area for the design of new steels, as indicated in Figure 1. New strategies to fulfil these demands are based on the design of more attractive steels with ultra-fine grained microstructures, containing combinations of strong phases such as martensite and bainite. The presence of retained austenite in these microstructures is also desirable in order to make use of the TRIP effect1 2. Heat treatments for the development of carbide-free bainite (CFB) steels consist of full austenitization followed by an isothermal step at a temperature in the bainite range4 (Figure 2a). The formation of bainite occurs by the nucleation and displacive growth of bainitic ferrite sub-units until they reach a certain size. In the process, carbon diffuses from the carbon-supersaturated sub-unit to the surrounding austenite5. By alloying the steel with elements such as silicon or aluminium, carbide precipitation in the austenite is inhibited, and thus the austenite becomes carbon enriched as the transformation progresses. Combining bainite and martensite in steel microstructures for light weight applications" @default.
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• W2156113857 date "2013-02-01" @default.
• W2156113857 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2156113857 title "Combining bainite and martensite in steel microstructures for light weight applications" @default.
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