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• W2158452630 abstract "Publication of the Next Generation Science Standards will be just short of two decades since publication of the National Science Education Standards (NRC 1996). In that time, biology and science education communities have advanced, and the new standards will reflect that progress (NRC 1999, 2007, 2009; Kress and Barrett 2001). Just as earlier standards influenced state-level standards, assessments, and science teachers at all levels, so too will the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Using the life sciences, this article first reviews essential features of the NRC Framework for K-12 Science Education that provided a foundation for the new standards. Second, the article describes the important features of life science standards for elementary, middle, and high school levels. Finally, I discuss several implications of the new standards. This article extends other discussions of biology and the Next Generation Science Standards (see Bybee 2011b, 2012) and other publications for science teachers (Willard et al. 2012). Core ideas for the life sciences consist of the following: From Molecules to Organisms, Ecosystems, Heredity, and Biological Evolution. The following sections describe the core and component ideas for K-12 life sciences (NRC 2012) in greater detail. Disciplinary core ideas for the life sciences Core Idea 1: From molecules to organisms: Structures and processes This core idea addresses the characteristic structures of organisms. Individual organisms also accomplish specific functions to support life, growth, behavior, and reproduction. This core idea centers on the unifying principle that cells are the basic unit of life. This core idea includes the following component ideas. Structure and function: Beginning with cells as the basic structural units of life, organisms present a hierarchy of structural systems and subsystems that perform specialized functions. A central problem of biology is to develop explanations for functions based on structures and the reciprocal--to explain the complementarity of structures and functions among an organism's systems and subsystems. Growth and development of organisms: As organisms grow and develop their anatomy and morphology (structures), processes from the molecular to cellular to organism-level, as well as behaviors, change in predictable ways. Central to understanding growth and development of organisms are the concepts of cell division and gene expression. Organization for matter and energy flow in organisms: Organisms require matter and energy in order to live and grow. In most cases the energy needed by organisms is derived from the Sun through photosynthesis. As a result of chemical changes, energy is transferred from one system of interacting molecules to another and across different organizational levels from cells to ecosystems. Information processing: Organisms have mechanisms to detect, process, and use information about the environment. That information contributes to an organism's survival, growth, and reproduction. Core Idea 2: Ecosystems: Interactions, energy, and dynamics This core idea includes organisms' interactions with each other and their physical environment. Biologists develop explanations for how organisms obtain resources, how they change their environment, how changing environmental factors affect organisms and ecosystems, how social interactions and group behavior play out within and between species, and how these factors all combine to determine ecosystem functioning. This core idea includes the following component ideas. Interdependent relationships in ecosystems: An ecosystem includes both biological communities (biotic) and physical (abiotic) components of the environment. Ecosystems continually change due to the interdependence of biotic and the abiotic elements of the environment. As organ-isms seek matter and energy to sustain life, the interactions may be represented as food webs. …" @default.
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• W2158452630 title "The Next Generation Science Standards and the Life Sciences The important features of life science standards for elementary, middle, and high school levels" @default.
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