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- W2158848557 abstract "Received 30 August 2002; revised 1 April 2003; accepted 22 April 2003; published 23 July 2003. [1] Geotail particle and magnetic field measurements were combined to generate long-term-averaged 3-D models of the plasma sheet. Ampere’s law was used to calculate the Birkeland current jk in the � 30 1 RE region. Current diversion, or the growth of current in a unit flux tube jk/B, took place throughout the region studied. This suggests that electron scattering is broadly distributed. No substantial change in jk/B could be detected between the plasma sheet boundary layer and the ionosphere. Birkeland currents were strongest and exhibited a dawn-dusk asymmetry when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was southward. This asymmetry may be associated with the formation of thin current sheets on the dusk side during disturbed periods. Symmetries were apparent above and below the neutral sheet when the IMF was northward or southward, but these symmetries were not present when the IMF pointed dawnward or duskward. For these latter cases, separate surfaces were found on which Bx =0 ,By = 0, and jk = 0. This apparently complex structure could be understood as a consequence of the tendency for By in the neutral sheet to have the same sign as the IMF By. The observed Birkeland currents were in the region 1 sense when leaving the plasma sheet for all IMF orientations. Current diversion was analyzed in an MHD framework. The analysis suggested that the reduction of gradient and curvature guiding center drifts, and the presence of polarization currents in the diversion region can provide sources of electrons to sustain a steady jk. It also was noted that the formation of an Ek region in the topside ionosphere can make it appear to the conducting ionosphere as if it is being driven by a current source rather than by the plasma sheet electric field. INDEX TERMS: 2764 Magnetospheric Physics: Plasma sheet; 2708 Magnetospheric Physics: Current systems (2409); 2744 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetotail; 2736 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetosphere/ionosphere interactions;" @default.
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- W2158848557 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W2158848557 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2158848557 title "Birkeland currents in the plasma sheet" @default.
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- W2158848557 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/2002ja009665" @default.
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