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• W2162532017 startingPage "2200" @default.
• W2162532017 abstract "Character displacement has long been considered a major cause of adaptive diversification. When species compete for resources or mates, character displacement minimizes competition by promoting divergence in phenotypes associated with resource use (ecological character displacement) or mate attraction (reproductive character displacement). In this study, we investigated whether character displacement can also have pleiotropic effects that lead to fitness trade-offs between the benefits of avoiding competition and costs accrued in other fitness components. We show that both reproductive and ecological character displacement have caused spadefoot toads to evolve smaller body size in the presence of a heterospecific competitor. Although this shift in size likely arose as a by-product of character displacement acting to promote divergence between species in mating behavior and larval development, it concomitantly reduces offspring survival, female fecundity, and sexual selection on males. Thus, character displacement may represent the “best of a bad situation” in that it lessens competition, but at a cost. Individuals in sympatry with the displaced phenotype will have higher fitness than those without the displaced trait because they experience reduced competition, but they may have reduced fitness relative to individuals in allopatry. Such a fitness trade-off can limit the conditions under which character displacement evolves and may even increase the risk of “Darwinian extinction” in sympatric populations. Consequently, character displacement may not always promote diversification in the manner that is often expected." @default.
• W2162532017 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2162532017 creator A5000601193 @default.
• W2162532017 creator A5029331752 @default.
• W2162532017 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W2162532017 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2162532017 title "CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT AS THE “BEST OF A BAD SITUATION”: FITNESS TRADE-OFFS RESULTING FROM SELECTION TO MINIMIZE RESOURCE AND MATE COMPETITION" @default.
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• W2162532017 doi "https://doi.org/10.1554/05-263.1" @default.
• W2162532017 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16405163" @default.
• W2162532017 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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